Studies On Sulfaguinoxalinum Toxicity On Mice And Chickens

Mice were used applied as experimental animals, and Sulfaquinoxaline (SQ) poisoning model was replicated, toxic symptoms, changes of immune function and pathology were observed. Based on these, toxicity of SQ on chickens was researched in order to applicate SQ reasonably in veterinary clinic and provide test basis for poisoning protection and treatment. 1. Subacute toxicity test of SQ on miceAcute toxicity—LD50 of SQ to mice was determined by modified Karber method. 50 mices were randomly allocated into 5 groups with 10 each, and half male and half female. GroupⅠ~Ⅳwere treated as experimental group, while groupⅤas control. GroupⅠ~Ⅳwere gavaged with SQ solution 70 mg / kg,140 mg / kg, 210 mg / kg and 280 mg / kg respectively, and groupⅤwere gavaged with the same dose of normal saline as control for 7 times every two days. Clinic symptoms were observed after mice were gavaged with different doses of SQ solutions. After experiment was finished 6 to 8 hours, all were injected with 5% CRBC suspension intraperitoneally, activity of macrophage were determined. Then mice were killed, and weights of hearts, livers, kidenies, spleens and other organs were compared with the body weights in order to compute the organ indices. Main organs were detected, for the organs with obvious pathological changes, paraffin sections observations were performed. The results showed that LD50 to mice by oral administration was 12122.05 mg/kg, and 95% confidence limit was 15570.87~9437.11 mg/kg. As dose increased and time went by, poisoning symptoms were obviously aggravated. Activity of macrophage's phagocytosing RBC of chicken decresed while dose increased, which means non-specific immune functional activity was dropped. Spleen index and heart index were decreased as dose increased, which means immune function of mice were inhibited, and heart function were harmed in certain extent. Liver index and kidney index were increased, which means functions of livers and kidneys were damaged. Livers and kidneys were obviously enlarged, colors of spleen were deeper slightly and congested and pericardial fluid increased in pathological anatomy. Myocardial fiber were swelled and degenerated, splenic sinus congested and dilated, giant corpuscle increased, capillary swelled, cellula epithelialis of nephric tubule in kidney cortical area degenerated, capsula glomeruli expanded and glomerulus shrinked in pathology histological observation.2. Sulfaquinoxaline in chicken toxicity testAcute toxicity—LD50 of SQ to chicken were determined by modified Karber method. 40 mices were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 10 each and half male and half female. GroupⅠ~Ⅲwere treated as experimental group, while groupⅣas control. GroupⅠ~Ⅲwere gavaged with SQ solution 90 mg / kg,120 mg / kg, and 150 mg / kg respectively, and groupⅣwere gavaged with the same dose of normal saline as control for two weeks every day. Clinic symptoms were observed after chickens were gavaged with different doses of SQ solutions. Blood sampling were performed in each group from vein for 10 mL every week, 6 mL were anticoagulated for blood count, hemagglutination time, percentages determination of lymph cell and ferrihemoglobin, the rest 4 mL for serum separation and physiological and biochemical indices determination. All were killed 7 weeks later, whose weight of hearts, livers, spleens, kidneies and other organs were compared with the body weights to calculate the organ indices. After that, paraffin sections observations of main organs were performed. The results showed that SQ ranked in actually non-toxic grade, whose LD50 to chicken by oral administration was 4889.90 mg/kg, and 95% confidence limit was 5471.71~4308.09 mg/kg. As dose increased and time went by, poisoning symptoms were obviously aggravated. RBC and WBC decresed, hemagglutinin time extended, ferrihemoglobin increased, percentage of living lymph cell decreased. Spleen index and heart index were decreased as dose increased, which means immune function of chicken were inhibited, and heart function were harmed in certain extent. Content of urea nitrogen and creatinine increased, and activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartic acid increased. Liver index and kidney index were increased, which means functions of livers and kidneys were damaged. Livers and kidneys were obviously enlarged, color of heart was uneven, livers expanded slightly, spleen enlarged, kidneies enlarged slightly. Myocardial fiber were swelled and parts degenerated, a plenty of RBCs and a few lymph cells infiltrated in splenic sinus, sinus lienis swelled and congested, acinus lienalis shrinked or disappeared, and blood vesselsof renal interstitium swelled and congested with histoleucocytes and lymph cells infiltrated. In a word, SQ damaged heart, liver, spleen, kidney and other organs of trial animal with obvious clinic symptoms, immune activity dropping, and obvious pathological changes which depended on dose-reaction.