| With we entening the 21century it become one of the important issuse to reduce environmental stress,improve animal welfere and raise the utilization of the food. The importance of the invionmental management is recognized again for instance,with pest-flies aggressiving,the serious problems of diseases and reduction of milk production and weight of dairy cow that were caused by invaeder of pest-flies continue to rise and directly impact the safety of the animal production.pest-flies as the media not only indirectly affect the health of dairy cow but also through blood-sucking and laping behaviors directly impact the daily life of dairy cow .therefor the purpose of this study is to reduce stress of and improve the safe production .in the activites of pest-flies ,this experiment study the chang meachaism of the pest—flies on endocrinehormone immunocompetence and the and behavior of the Holstain cows.on the basis of birth order and yield production, 12 healthy Holstein cows,gravida(about 4 years old)from 800 were used in this experiment.By using the tracking individualobservation,the grooming behavior of cows were recorded;By using the flowcytometer,the surface market(CD3 CD4 CD8) of T lymphocyte cell,the surface market (CD21)of B lymphocyte in peripheral blood were analysed from the cellular level.By using the enzyme-linked immune sorbant essay (ELISE)and radioimmunoassays(RIA),endecrine hormone of the dairy cow were determined.The results showed as follows:(1)In activites of the pest-flies,the influence of pest—flies on the grooming behavior of the dairy cows is that with the changes in the number of pest—flies,there were significant differences (P <0.05).meanwhile,as the temperature changes,the number of pest—flies which invaded the dairy csws is changing significantly(P<0.05).number of grooming behavior of dairy cows caused by pest—flies at low temperature was obviously lower than that at high temperature(P﹤0.05)of the all kind of the grooming,number of Tail swishing accounted for 62-94percent of total number of grooming behavior.this show that with temperature increasing,the activities of pest—flies increased significantly and number of grooming behavior increased obviously too.grooming behavior of the dairy cows caused by pest—flies acted mainly to behavior of tail swishing.Which can be serve as measure of indicator of pest—flies which invade dairy cows. (2)The difference between the frequency of the cow's grooming behaviors against the pest flies and the temperament types was significant(P<0.05).The difference of the grooming behaviors between the nervous and gentle,sensitive,mini-sensitive cows was significant(P<0.05),while between the gentle,sensitive and mini-sensitive cows was inapparent(P>0.05).(3)The difference between the counts of the ACTH,Cor,GH,PRLandNE in each pre-lactation,mid-lactation and later-lactation month was inapparent(P>0.05).The general mean values of the ACTH,GH and PRL counts were highest in June while lowest in July,and the difference was significant(P<0.05),which of the COR count was highest in June while lowest in July,but the difference was inapparen(tP>0.05),and which of the NE count was highest in July while lowest in June, and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The results indicated that the endocrine hormones of the cow when stirred by the pest flies were affected.(4)The difference between the percents of the CD3+T,CD4+T,CD8+TandCD21+B lymphocytes in each pre-lactation,mid-lactation and later-lactation month wasinapparent(P﹥0.05).The difference between the gentle percents of the CD3+T lymphocytes in June and in July was significan(tP<0.05)while extremely significant with that in August(P<0.01).The difference between the gentle percents of the CD4+Tlymphocytes in June and in July was significant(P<0.05),and extremely significant with that in August,in September and in October(P<0.01).The difference between the gentle percents of the CD8+Tlymphocytes in July and in August was significant(P<0.05)while extremely significant with that in September,in October and in June(P<0.01).The difference between the gentle percents of the CD21+B lymphocytes in June and in September was significan(tP<0.05),and extremely significant with that in July and in Augus(tP<0.01). The results showed that the immune function of the cow when stirred by the pest flies was affected.(5)the main classes of the pest-flies which stirred cows were Anopheles sinensis,Musca domestica,hemophagic fly and cleg. The counts of which in July and in August were significant with in Septembe(rP<0.05),and extremely significant with that in May,in June and in October(P<0.01).The average counts of these pest flies were not found in April,8.80 per cow in May,48.37 per cow in June,114.94 per cow in July,116.09 per cow in August,63.94 per cow in September and 20.75 per cow in October.These test results above show that in active season of pest—fliesThe influence of dairy cow caused by pest—flies is not in pshical,more importantly it produse serious stress reaction on endocrine and immunpotanse.therefor the life stability and safe production of dairy cows can not be guaranteed in active season of pest—flies. |
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