Research On Mechanism And Sociality Bunching Behavior Induced By Diptera Insects In Their Active Stage Of Holstein Dairy Cow

Diptera insect attacking was great harm to the cows,because cows were repeated attacked by a variety of Diptera insects,caused life change and disease in varying degrees of cows,it is one of main reasons of cows sickliness,so,in order to proved active insect Diptera induced bunching of social behavior of dairy cattle against the body,the thesis studied,nine healthy lactating Holstein cows are choose as experimental animals in this experiment,divided into early lactation period,mid-lactation period and late lactation period,three cows each group.Continuous observation individual cow for 30-minute,recording the number of attack by Diptera insects each minute and choose the average.Determination and record the temperature and humidity with dry and wet bulb thermometer every day at 8:00,14:00,18:00 in Sports Ground.Choose lactation cows as animal model,the period before gether,the peak-hour of gather and the period after gether as demonstration period.Observation protect action of individual cow when insect Diptera action prosperity on sunny,windless day.Take blood with vacuum valve from tail vein when insect Diptera action prosperity every month,to determine the contents of ACTH,COR,PRL,GH,NE,and T3,T4 in blood serum by radioim muno assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.To detect percentage of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ and CD21+ in Blood by flow cytometry.The results showed that:â‘ The average temperature and humidity index is the highest in July but the lowest in October.During the experiment period,the number of Diptera insects attacking cows was significant difference between in July,August,September and in June,October (P <0.05). Four kinds of Diptera insects were observed at the farm,they were housefly,bloodsucking fly,Anopheles sinensis,and a kinds of Tabanidae. According to observation,the dairy cows have the aggregation behavior from mid-August to the end of October.The average duration of aggregation behavior was the longest in August but shortest in October,the difference was significant (P <0.01).â‘¡The self-protective behavior of the dairy cows were different before bunching,during bunching and after bunching,the number of times per minute of tail swishing of dairy cows in gathered periphery is significant difference from the dairy cows before bunching,after bunching and in gathered center (P <0.05);The number of times per minute of ear flapping of dairy cows in gathered center is significant difference from cows in gathered periphery, before bunching and after bunching.(P <0.05);The number of times per minute of head throwing of the dairy cows in gathered center is significant higher than cows before bunching,after bunching in gathered periphery(P <0.05);the number of times per minute of leg stamping of the dairy cows in gathered periphery is significant difference form cows before bunching,in gathered center and before bunching (P < 0.05);the number of times per minute of skin shivering of the dairy cows in gathered center and gathered periphery is significant difference from cows before bunching and after bunching (P <0.01).â‘¢The ensemble average of ACTH,COR,GH,T3, T4 in cow serum was the highest in June, but the lowest in August, the difference was significant (P <0.05); The ensemble average of PRL in cow serum was the highest in June, but the lowest in July, the difference was significant (P <0.01);the ensemble average of NE in cow serum was the lowest in June but the highest in July,the difference was significant (P <0.01).â‘£The ensemble average of CD3+,CD4+,T-lymphocytes (%)in cow blood was the highest t in June but the lowest in August,the difference was significant (P <0.01);The ensemble average of CD8+,T-lymphocytes (%)in cow blood was the lowest in June but the highest in July,the difference was significant (P <0.01);the ensemble average of CD21+,B-lymphocytes (%)in cow blood was the lowest in August but the highest in October,the difference was significant ( P <0.01).These results show that the insect Diptera,especially the blood-sucking Diptera attack dairy cows result in cow gether.Cow action,internal secretion and immunity function also have significant changes.In conclusion,insects diptera seriously threaten to the dairy cow and production.