| Wheat yield, nutrition uptake and soil potassium characteristic, based on 22years long-term fertilization experiment with fixed site on continuous wheat was carried out in Hei Lu soil in North China, were analyzed. In order to improve the soil fertlity and productivity, keep the nutrition balance in the farmagro-ecology, and property fertilization and the sustainble of agriculture.The result shows that there was a signifcantly difference in yield of different fertilization treatment. The yield increased by 75.3%in single N treatment, but decreased by 24.7% in single P treatment, and in the NP treatment by 111.7%, the combine of manure and chemical fertilizer ranged from 75.9%to 96.9%. The wheat yield compact was signifcantly increased when the fertilizers were applied, wheat ear numbers were increase by 10.09% to 88.94%. Nitrogen fertilizer was beneficial for thousand kernel weight, while phosphorus was for wheat ear numbers. The uptake of N and P shows a decreased tendency form jointing stage to booting stage. The N uptake was increased after booting stage in single N treatment, but P uptake shows a contrary tendency. The N and P uptake can be increased significantly in the NP treatment. The uptake of potassium maily in the early periods. Because the discharge of potassium after booting stage, there was an decreased.Not only wheat yields, but also N and P content in wheat and FUE was increased, while the fertilizer use reasonable. The FUE is low, applying P fertilizer, but while applying NP treatment can reach 50.1%(NUE) and 12.6%(PUE), The NUE of N treatment is 61.5%.The combination of N, P and Manure can increase seed nutrient content and improvement grain quality, the soil organic matter,total N,total P,available N,available P and available potassium increased by 71.8%, 40.0%, 80.0%, 88.6%, 822.3% and 162.6%,respectively. It indicated that applying manure can increase soil fertility.The distribution in soil profiles of water-soluble, special-adsorptivity and non-exchanges potassium were the same. It was high in cultive layer, then decline, there was a bit increased tendency in deep soil. The contient of non-exchanges potassium in cultive layer was lower than 20-40cm depth, it reach the cultivel contient leveel below 220cm of which chemical fertilizer was long-term applied.The ater-soluble, non-special-adsorptivity, special-adsorptivity and non- exchanges potassium contient was decreased in cultive layer. while applying manure ( or maure and chemical mixed) can increased the potassium ontient in cultive layer,but there were little effect on deep soil layers.The yield increased by 0.3%, The ear mumbers, thousand kernel weight and number of grain per ear were increased by 31.5×104 per hm2, 8% and -11.0%, respectively, of which applying NPK treatment. The up take of nitorgen, phosphorus and potassium were also increased. It also beneficial in increasing FUE, keeping soil nutrient blance, in NPK treatment, the soil organic matter,total N,total P,available P and available potassium increased by 3.6%, 20.1%, 88.6%, 41.4% and 44.8%, respectively.The water-soluble in 0-40cm, non-special-adsorptivity in 0-100cm and special- adsorptivity in 0-80 cm were increased significantly, but had no effcts on the number of non-exchanges potassium increased, can only buffer the lower tendence. |
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