Comparative Studies On Interaction Effects Between Water And Fertilizers To Maize Under Three Soils

This paper compared the interaction effects of water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to maize growth, dry matter accumulation, nutrient accumulation, photosynthesis index and leaf enzyme activity using uniform-precision rotatble central composite design under three soils (i.e., loessial soil, fluro-aquic soil and red soil) which were collected from Changwu Shaanxi province, Fengqiu Henan province and Qiyang Hunan province that represented soils formed under different climate types gradient with potted cultivation method at controlled greenhouse in CAAS. The main results were as follows:From point view that interaction effects between water and fertilizers to Maize height and leaf area during different leaf periods: The increment of nitrogen could promote height, Water and nitrogen stress was disadvantage for height increasing, low water and high nitrogen level match could save the resources. 5 leaves period: Leaf area of red soil was 23.24% higher than loessial soil, 121.62% higher than fluro-aquic soil, Leaf area of the treatment W₍150_N0.225P_0.225K_0.3 was maximum during 8 leaves period, The maximum of leaf area on red soil and loessial soil appeared in treatment W200N_0.3P_0.15K_0.2 during 8 leaves period, The maximum of leaf area: Leaf area of red soil was 9.58% higher than loessial soil, 20.19% higher than fluro-aquic soil. Maize grew fastest on red soil during 5 leaves period and 8 leaves period. Maize grew slowly on fluro-aquic soil during 5 leaves period and fast during 8 leaves period. Maize grew moderately on loessial soil during 5 and 8 leaves period.From point view that interaction effects between water and fertilizers to Maize dry matter accumulation during different leaf periods: Period of 5 leaves to 8 leaves was the impressionable period for water and nitrogen. The influence of single factor was different after 12 leaves period. The influence of water and nitrogen was obvious on loessial soil. The influence of water and potassium was obvious on loessial soil. The influence of nitrogen and phosphorus was obvious on red soil. Interaction effects of N and P on loessial soil was significant during 5 leaves period. Interaction effects of water and N on loessial soil was significant during 8 leaves period. Interaction effects of water and P on loessial soil was significant during 15 leaves period. Interaction effects of water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on loessial soil was not significant during 12 leaves and 18 leaves period. Except 18 leaves period, interaction effects of N and P on fluro-aquic soil was significant or most significant during other four leaves periods. Interaction effects of water and N on red soil was significant during 5 leaves period, but interaction effects of water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on red soil was not significant during other four leaves periods.From point view that interaction effects between water and fertilizers to Maize nutrient accumulation: The improvement of nitrogen could increase total nitrogen content of plant with water stress. The improvement of water could increase total nitrogen content of plant with sufficient fertilization. The total nitrogen content and ratio of treatment(W₂₅₀N_0.225P_0.225K_0.3)was highest on fluro-aquic soil. The improvement of phosphorus from P_0.075 to P_0.225 could embarrass nitrogen accumulation. The total nitrogen content of treatmen(tW₂₅₀N_0.225P_0.225K_0.3)was highest. The variation of total potassium content was not obvious. The total nitrogen and phosphorus content of treatment(W₂₀₀N_0.15P_0.150K_0.2)was highest, The total nitrogen content of treatmen(tN_0.225P_0.075)was highest. The total phosphorus content of treatment(N_0.075P_0.225)was highest. High level of water could improve phosphorus accumulation.From point view that interaction effects between water and fertilizers to Maize photosynthesis character during different leaf periods: Pn of water stress treatment was low during 8 leaves period. Abundant fertilizers could improve Tr and Gs on loessial soil. Tr and Gs of the treatment(N_0.225P_0.075)on fluro-aquic soil was low. Water stress and abundant fertilizers could improve Tr and Gs on red soil. Pn of water stress(W₁₅₀)treatment was low during 15 leaves period. Pn,Tr and Gs of the treatment(N_0.225P_0.075)and just right fertilizers was higher. Tr and Gs of water stress treatment was lowest. The improvement of N and K could improve Tr and Gs with water and P stress. Water and fertilizers stress could depress Pn on fluro-aquic soil. Interaction effects of N and P could improve Tr with abundant water. No matter water level was high or low, N stress could depress photosynthesis character, Treatment(N_0.225P_0.225)could depress Pn.From point view that interaction effects between water and fertilizers to Maize activity of leaf enzyme during different leaf period: The rule of moderate consistently between POD and SOD appeared in 8 leaves period. The treatment(N_0.075P_0.225)could depress SOD by 50.03% on loessial soil. The treatmen(tN_0.075P_0.225)could depress POD by 38.02% on fluro-aquic soil, MDA content was higher. The highest POD was 232.42% higher than treatment(W₁₅₀N_0.225), MDA content was higher on red soil. Activity of leaf enzyme of appropriate water stress treatment was higher in 15 leaves period, MDA content was lower. The highest MDA content was 232.79% higher than water stress treatment(W₁₅₀)on loessial soil. The highest MDA content was 108.46% higher than water stress treatment(W₁₅₀)on fluro-aquic soil. The highest MDA content was 185.58% higher than water stress treatment(W150)on red soil.