| The DNA of Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) was extracted by the improved CTAB method.To obtain the optimun random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)reaction system,one test was designed to screen the suitable concentration of 5 factors(Mg2+,Taq, dNTP,primer,DNA) at 4 levels in the 20μl reaction system,the other one test was designed to one factor in the reaction,to unifies the result of single factor and the orthogonal optimization,they were compared with each other,The results show that the system was composed of Taq(5U/μl)0.4μl,Mg2+(25 mmol/L) 1.2μl,dNTPs(1.0 mmol /L) 1.0μl,Primer(5μmol/L) 1.0μl,DNA(20ng/μl) 2.0μl.Based on 20 primers which are of stable polymorphism selected from 200 random primers,RAPD polymorphism of 26 Rapeseed Inbred Lines was analyzed.181 bands could be amplified by 20 random primers and 153 fragments were polymorphic(84.53%).And the cluster result showed that Rapeseed Inbred could be separated into 6 groups and 10 subgroups.The Rapeseed Inbred of the southwest China belonged to 6 groups and that of the east China belonged toâ… group. To analyze the screening result,we ean find that 21 materials can be separated by OPS18, and the number 8,10,14,15,16 of Rapeseed can be separated by OPN07 and OPD03,so RAPD patterns of accessions generated by OPS18,OPN07 and OPD03 could be used as DNA fingerprint for identification of 26 Rapeseed Inbred varieties.The results showed that grey correlation cnalysis between single yield and other economic characters was X5 (effective silicle number)(r=0.8004)＞followed by X4(length of silicle)(r=0.7566)＞X6(perfruit grain number)(r=0.7519)＞X7(1000-grain weight)(r=0.7368)＞X2(the first effective branch number)(r=0.7207)＞X3(the secondary effective branch number)(r=0.7162)＞X1(plant height)(r=0.6591).The result during the other economic characters besides single yield showed that grey correlation analysis between 6 agronomic characters and X1(plant height) was X5＞X2＞X3＞X4＞X7＞X6;that between 6 agronomic characters and X2(the first effective branch number) was X1＞X5＞X3＞X4＞X7＞X6;that between 6 agronomic characters and X3(the secondary effective branch number) was X4＞X7＞X1＞X2＞X6＞X5,that between 6 agronomic characters and X4(length of silicle) was X7＞X3＞X6＞X1＞X5＞X2;that between 6 agronomic characters and X5(effective silicle number) was X1＞X2＞X3＞X4＞X7＞X6;that between 6 agronomic characters and X6(perfruit grain number) was X4＞X7＞X3＞X1＞X5＞X2;that between 6 agronomic characters and X7(1000-grain weight) was X4＞X3＞X6＞X1＞X5＞X2.Dendrogram of agronomic traits showed that 26 Rapeseed Inbred could be separated into 2 groups inλ=3.0700.The first group showed that 17 Rapeseed came from ShangHai,JiangSu, SiChuan and GuiZhou,their effective silicle number was lowed,and perfruit grain number was much,and single yield was hight is rich;the Second group showed that 9 Rapeseed came from SiChuan,their plant height was highted than the first group,perfruit grain number was low,the first effective branch number was much,the average effective silicle number was 460.9211,The average 1000-grain weight was 3.6889g,that compared the first group to increase 0.0689g,the average single yield was 23.7900g,that compares the first group to reduce 0.8647g.
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