Research On Soil Genetic Characteristics And Taxonomic Classification On The South Slope Of Taishan Mountain

Nowdays, the international majority of soil classification is the Soil Taxonomy, which is based on the Diagnostic horizon and Diagnostic characteristics, and characterized by quantification. The tendency of soil classification in the word is quantification, standardization and internationalization. The study of Chinese Soil Taxonomy has achieved great phase outcome-Chinese Soil Taxonomy. It is necessary to put classification system into scientific research, practice and make it consummate.Taishan Mountain locates in the east of North China Plain and the middle of Shandong province erecting from the Shandong hills. Taishan Mountain in Shandong was included as "World Cultural and Natural Heritage" by UNESCO in Dec 1987. The natural landscape varys regularly and gradually in verticality, The various mountain climate, biology, landform and parent materiall lead to numerous soil types and different distribution of soils in verticality. Ten typical profiles of different altitude on the south slope of the Tianzhu Peak of Taishan Mountain, which is 1545 meters in altitude, were reseached in this study. By field survey, the physical and chemical characteristics anasysis of the soils, we studied thoroughly the soil Genetic, discussed the positions in Taxonomic classification and the distribution of the soils on the basis of the Keys to Chinese Soil Taxonomy (3rdedition), and to provide the foundation of Soil Taxonomy of mountain and resources development.The results indicate that:1.The main physical and chemical characteristics vary regularly: the content of clay decreases with rising of the altitude, the Argic horizon emerges below the altitude of 800 meters; the content of organic matter is enrichment, the content of organic carbon of epipedon is higher than 15g/kg, while the content of organic carbon increases with increasing of altitude, and in the altitude of 1400-1545meters,the soils under the meadow have the maximum content organic carbon; the soils appear acid or slightly acid reaction, the pH increased appreciably and acid weaken with increasing of altitude;pH and BS are distinct plus correlated; the contents of SiO₂,Al₂O₃,and Fe₂O₃ of the soil body and clay are all relatively stabilization; In the soil body, the content of SiO₂ is much high and K₂O,MgO,CaO is very little, the total contents of SiO₂, Al₂O₃,and Fe₂O₃ occupy 90% of the mineral parts, the sequence of mineral elementals is: SiO₂>Al₂O₃>Fe₂O₃>CaO>MgO>K₂O>TiO₂>MnO.2.The Diagnostic surface horizons divided on the soils of the area are Mollic epipedon, Ochric epipedon. The Diagnostic subsurface horizons are Cambic horizon, Argic horizon and Albic horizon. The diagnostic characteristics are Soil moisture regimes, Soil temperature regimes and Base saturation.3.The soils are divided into 3 Order, 5 Suborder, 7 Groups in Soil Taxonomy: The soil vertical zone structure of south slope Taishan Mountain is: Hapli-Ustic Argosols(<300m)→Acidi+Albi-Udic Argosols + Udic-Orthic Primosols(300-800m)→Acidi-UdicCambosols+Udic-Orthic Primosols(800-1000)→Hapli-UdicCambosols(1 000-1300)→Hapli-PerudicCambosols(1300 - 1400m)→Bori-Perudic Cambosols(> 1400m)4.The result of Soil Taxonomy consist fundamentally with that of the genetic classification and the boundaries roughly identify with each other, indicating the taxonomic classification is based on the genesis theory and the two classification system are touched tightly. The comparability and otherness are coexist in the text of Soil Taxonomy with numerical analysis method, which indicates that Soil Taxonomy is a kind of more objective and more scientific method for soil classification, and the numerical analysis can be considered as the measure to test the Soil Taxonomy.