Mutagenic Effect Of ⁶⁰Coγ-rays Radiation On Ginger

China,origin of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), is one of the main ginger production country, and has a long history of ginger cultivation for over 2000 years. There are many excellent local ginger cultivars in China such as Laiwu Dajiang of Shandong, Shulun Daroujiang of Guangdong, Pianjiang of Shandong, Laifengjiang of Hubei, Xiaolinhuangjiang of Zhejiang, and so on. Today ginger has become the main economic source and the important export farm product in many areas.Ginger, having important medicine and food effect, has been studied and developed more and more in many fields such as medication, health care and chemistry industry. The traditional ginger cultivars in production, mainly having been cultivated for a long time, are not adaptive for the market development. The fundamental mean to settle those productive matters is to breed new ginger cultivars with disease resistance, high quality and high yield through ginger germplam improvement.The ginger cultivars do not flower in common environment, so ginger germplasm improvement cannot be realized through sexual hybridization. We carried out mutagenic breeding of Laiwudajiang ginger by ⁶⁰Co-γrays Radiation. The studies showed that the mutagenic effect of ⁶⁰Co-γrays Radiation is obvious. The mutagenic effects in many aspects such as exterior shape,cellular character, and bio-chemist trait were significant.The ginger breeding method was innovated in this study. Many fundamental variations were acquired, which were the material base for ginger germplasm improvement. The main results are as follows.The mutagenic effect on VM1 is different in different dosage with ⁶⁰Co-γrays radiation on rootstalk of ginger. The sub—lethal dosage was 15Gy to 20Gy when the fresh rootstalks of Laiwudajiang were irradiated by ⁶⁰Co-γrays.The sub-lethal dose was 25Gy to 30Gy when the budding rootstalks were irradiated by ⁶⁰Co-γ rays. the rate of micronuclei and the rate of mutation of the fresh rootstalks are greater than the budding rootstalks.The Survival and the mitotic index of the fresh rootstalks are less than the budding rootstalks.The mutagenic effect on VM1 of radiation can be classified to lethal effect, inhibitory effect, stimulative effect, abnormity of biological character, and so on when the ginger rootstalk irradiated by ⁶⁰Co -γrays. The restrain effect and inhibitory effect are the main mutagenic effect,showing the sprout rate and the rate of seeding fallen.And the rate of VM1-A sprout is Cut down by 62% than contrasts.And the length is Cut short witth 1.3cm. effects of causing death are shew by reducing Survival .And VM1 grew slowly. The morphology mutagenic effects of ⁶⁰Co-γradiation on VM1 are shew with nervation chlorotic streak,leaves albinism, leaves misshape, rootstalks misshape,etc. The cytologic effects are shew with chromosome bridge,free chromosome,micronucleus (which contains single micronucleus,double micronucleus,multi- micronucleus). Lethal effect was increasing when dosage augmenting.The growth impetus of VM1 materials from budding rootstalk was stronger than that from fresh rootstalk irradiated by the same dose. Many character values of the offspring from budding rootstalk were higher than that of other treatment. The budding rootstalk was blunt to radiation because of the primarily cell differentiation, while the non-budding rootstalk was sensitive to radiation because of the strong ability of cell division and differentiation.Through analysis of M1 nuclear aberration,the correlation equation between the rate of micronucleus aberration and the dosage was fitted by line and equations were YA=-13.8+1.58XA (resting rootstalk) ,YB=0.7+0.58XB (budding rootstalk).In researching the morphology characters,agronomy characters and cytology characters of VM1 and VM2,found that the growth impetus of VM2 was stronger than VM1,The mutation types and the rate of mutation were different between VM1 and VM2.