Study On The Soil And Water Control Models In The Typical Black Soil Region And The Benefit Analysis

Soil erosion on slopes of the gentle hilly black soil region in Northeast China,is proved to be more serious than we recognized before,and is getting more and more social concerns recently.There are unique soil erosion and sediment yield environment and characteristics in this region,so the researches on the soil and water erosion control model in other regions can't be applied in the black soil region simply,because the erosion environment here are so different from those,so we need to construct a soil and water erosion control model which is suitable for the erosion environment in the black soil region.Meanwhile,geological features,climate and the social environment will also more or less a bit different in the different areas of the black soil region,so over the years people aggregate more and more management experience and control model,which are diversity.However,a general lack of promotion in the control of soil erosion area,result that the macro strategies which is proposed to ecological security,food security and coordinated economic development as the goal of the Soil and Water Conservation is lack of a theoretical basis.Studise on the soil and water control model in the typical black soil region are conducted by the investigation on part of the valley in the region and analyziz of information collected by the rest of the region the natural conditions of small watershed, erosion situation,governance and other aspects of the information and,in conjunction with the watershed area natural,economic and social conditions,and are summarized by the following conclusions:(1) Typical black soil erosion area of sloping land with the increase in slope is growing.And the different control measures in different slope,have their own scope.In the selection of Soil and Water Conservation measures,to a mix of different factors,we can achieve the best ecological and economic benefits as well as social benefits.So a kind of control modes can be established,which is that,the cross ridge culture should been used on the slope of 0～5°;contour hedgerow intercropping should been used on the slope of 5°～8°;level terrace should been used on the slope of 8°～15°;and returning farmland to forest,if the slop is more than 15°.(2) Ecological Remediation of Soil and Water Conservation is an important measure of governance,in recent years getting more and more attention,but soil conservation and ecological remediation is a huge,comprehensive strongly project,and obtain the proper soil and water loss of control effect in the coordinated development of various aspects. Overall,the Ecological Remediation of Soil and Water Conservation in the typical black soil region is the major conventional water-treatment projects for the foundation blocks of the management of the region,the forces of nature and man-made combination of plant-based measures of the fence with engineering measures,local cultivation is ecological and economic benefits of plant revenue,Hippophae rhamnoides,medicinal herbs,and the supporting measures to support the development of labor-intensive high value-added industries;circle livestock,poultry,planting of flowers,greenhouse vegetables,green food and so on.Meanwhile,develop the small hydropower,and use Chai instead of electricity and gas,construct solar energy,wind energy facilities,and the full development of effective pollution-free energy.(3) Small Watershed Comprehensive Control is a systematic project.It needs to adjust land use structure reasonable with the situation of soil erosion,the local conditions, the harm security,and have a comprehensive protection and rational utilization of water and land resources by combination of engineering,plant and soil tillage measures and the developmem and control of integrated,.Thus,in summing up the typical black small watershed control model,taking into account regional differences,the paper analyziz the rolling-hill areas and gullied-hill areas,two areas which have different types of erosion control model.In the rolling-hill areas,the sloping land is the main treatment object.And in the gullied-hill areas,although the sloping land is still the main treatment object, slopes and ravines wasteland area of governance is the focus of the final soil and water conversation but for the latter two,which can help achieving good governance effectiveness.