Status And Countermeasures Of Farming System Development In Shandong Province

The status, question of Shandong Provice was studied about resently 50 years, and based on the analysis the countermeasures to upgrade the farming system were also given.1. General characteristics of farming system in Shandong ProvinceThe agricultural industry structure was optimized, and the new crops structure of food, economic and forage was formed step by step. And the agricultural industry mode had been changed from family manage to industrialization, systematization and marketization. The intesivism of agriculture was increased, the yields per unit of crops were quickly improved, and the total production value of agriculture was speedly increased.2. Characteristics of country industry structure changeFrom 1949, the value increasing speed of non-agricultural industry was higher than that of agricultural industry. And in the non-agricultural industry, the value increasing speed of secondary industry was higher than that of tertiary industry. Employees in country increased, while the percentage of people working in agriculture was decreased no matter on quantity and on percentage. And the pure income per farmer was keeping rise, but the income difference between urban and rural residents was obviously enlarged.3. Internal feature of agriculture in Shandong ProvinceThe internal feature of agriculture in Shandong province was optimized continiously, in which the leading station of planting was descend, and stock raising and fish culture had a quickly development. The total and per capita of cultivated land area were both redused. The total yields of careal, oil plants and cotton were in a fluctuation, but those yields per unit were keeping steady or increase. The total yield of vegetable and fruit were dramtically added, and the output of meat, egg, and milk were also in trends of going up. The product conditions of agriculture were better than before, total powers of agriculture machine, fertilizer amount and irrigation area were all increased. At the same time, the conservation tillage was attched more and more importance, while the areas of rotation were less.4. Differnece farming system in each regionFrom the industry structure of resently years, the secondary industry was on a dominated station, which was more important than the tertiary industry and qgriculture in turn. There was an echelon structure of farmer incoming from east to west, and form the regions near to the sea to inner lands. And the main industry in southwest, southern, middle and northwest of Shandong Province were planting and stock raising, while the main industry in the east region were planting and fishery. In resent years, the cropping structure was diversified, and each region had formed their superior crops. The productive conditions of each region were different with each other.5. General Changing rules of farming systemThe general rule of farming system in Shandong Province in the recent fifty years was: city developped and the need of people increase with the reduce of resource→area of cereal crops decreases while that of economic crops increases→food self-suffcient ability decreases, supply capacities of meat, egg and milk rise, and the people work on farm are cut down→economic benefit goes up→speeps up agricultural diversification→urban-rural integration development. And in the changes of farming system, the social demands are fundamental motive force to the development of farming system, the enhancing income of peasants is the key to framing system problem, and policy, investigation and technology are the guanrantee of farming system.6. Restrict factors of farming systemThe restrict factors of farming system in Shandong Province were: huge cost of resource, environment and economy, imbalance of regional development, great difficulty of labor transfer, immaturity of socialized service system in the rural area, and no coordinating agriculture infrastructure.7. Countermeasures for farming system development The countermeaures to upgrage the farming system in Shandong Province were: to use a morden management system; to improve the agricultural economic environment; to strengthen the support of investment and policy; to fully use new technologies to mordenlize the farming system in Shandong Province.