The Induction And Identification Of Tetraploid Garlic Plant

Abstract: This experiment was carried to induce the tetraploid through injecting or soaking the bulb before planting, and at the same time we induced the tissue culture using the garlic bulb with colchicum in the state of callus, then it was induced to pullulate, take roots and become the seedling.The plant was identified whether it was the tetraploid plant and comparied with the diploid garlic in the growth estate, trophic characteristic and the traits of physiology and chemical aspect. The results showed:1. Injecting the garlic involucrum in the field, the bulb and involucrum in the gemmiparous period with colchicum and dipping the garlic bulb before planting in the colchicum, we can find that when the colchicum was in the consistency of 0.025%, the rates of chimera were the highest as 35.7%, 22.3% and 28.4%.In the experiment of treating in the space there were 13 chimera and the aberrance rate was 52%.2. In the cause of inducing the callus, MS+2, 4-D2mg/L +6-BA1mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L was the best inducing medium for producing callus, and MS+NAA1mg/L +6-BA4mg/L was suitable for pullulating, while the medium without hormone was befitting for taking root. The concentration of colchicum in 0.02% was propitious for the induction of tetraploid garlic. The high growth hormone was suitable to induce the garlic callus, but not for its differentiation.3. The factors infected the culture of garlic callus were as follows: (1)type of medium: through the three kinds of medium the MS medium had highest rate of callus taking, and was obviously different with B5 medium. B5 had the rate at 66.1%, of 1/2MS was73.5%,while that of MS medium was 85.4%.(2):garlic breed: We used Sulian garlic ,Cangshan garlic and ErShui Zao garlic in this experiment ,and the results showed that the Sulian garlic had the highest rate of callus ,which was 73.53% and was obviously higher than the other two breeds. (3): the size of explant and the depth of it in the medium: when the bulb bulk was (0.3cm)3, it had the highest callus rate. If the bulk was too big, the snowy callus was easy to come out; while when the bulk was too small, it took nutrition too little to produce the callus. The same reason for the depth of callus in the medium, and the suitable depth was 1/3 out. (4) other factors: AgNO3 had the effect on improving the callus rate, and the active carbon had no obvious effect, so as the antibiotic. They only reduced the pollution rate by 16-20%, but had no effect on the callus taking out.4. The comparison of the diploid and the tetraploid garlic in the physiological and chemical traits and nutritional characteristic: compared with the diploid garlic, the tetraploid one had shorter burl distance and showed the stronger appearance. Through the growth period the stem diameter, stem length, leaf length and the leaf width were always bigger than the diploid garlic, while the leaf number was smaller than the diploid and at last had the almost same number as the diploid garlic. Through the growth period, the leave of tetraploid garlic gradually turned deeper colour, thicker and some of them turned to be malformed. As the leave had the same change in the length and width with the stem, so the relevant valid area increased, and so did the ability of photosynthesis and respiration. It was propitious to the plant growth, yield and quality of the garlic. The tetraploid garlic had stronger root than the diploid, so it had advantage in the anti-adversity. When it flourished, the tetraploid garlic root had higher ability of absorbing. The average root weight was about 1.63 times, and the average volume was 1.44 times than the diploid. So the total absorbing area and the active absorbing area were remarkable higher than the diploid. The average single bolt length, diameter, bud length and bud diameter of the tetraploid garlic were bigger than the diploid. So were the average garlic weight, diameter and the back width of the fragment.5. The comparison of characteristic in the diploid and tetraploid garlic: in the bulb and the bolt the dissociative aminophenol content were 8.18% and 10.33% higher than the diploid garlic; the soluble protein content were 67.18% and 74.39%; soluble sugar content were 21.53% and 15.87%, the content of praline were 48.9% and 37.45%, content of VC were 70.37% and 70.66%, garlic allicin content were 74.05% and 66.69%, and had obvious difference. Compared with the diploid garlic, the activity of SOD,POD and CAT were higher than it, while the content of MDA were lower than the diploid, the MDA content in the garlic bulb was 77.6% of the diploid, and the content in the leaf was almost the same as the diploid.