The Regulatory Effect Of Plant Density And Irrigation Frequnency On Grain Yield And Quality

The studies were conducted from 2006 to 2007 on high-yield soil which returned the crop straw into soil annually at the experimental farm of Shandong Agricultural University. JM20, typical cultivars of winter wheat with strong gluten potential used in local production were chosen in this study.From the view of soil-winter wheat plant system,the effects of different irrigation frequncey,density,on the the grain yield and quality of wheat were studied. The main results were as follows:1.Effect of water and density on wheat population developmentAt the same planting density , the index of the plant height,content of Chl a,content of Chl b,content of Chl(a+ b),Grain Water Content,nitrate reductase activity,the Moisture Content of flag leaf,the Moisture Content of plant,the Water Potential of flag leaf all increased with increase of irrigation. At the same irrigation, the plant height increased with increase of density, content of Chl a,content of Chl b,content of Chl(a+ b) have no difference at each of density, the index of nitrate reductase activity is highest at the middle density,and next is the low density,the high density lowest, the Moisture Content of flag leaf,the Moisture Content of plant,the Water Potential of flag leaf all decreased with increase of density.2.Effect of water and density on grain yield and Yield Component FactorsThe effect of irrigation frequnency on yield was higher. At the same planting density , the spike numbers and grain yield were increased with increase of irrigation. grain number per spike were first increase and then decrease with increase of irrigation, and it is highest at the irrigation frequency of 4, the index of 1000-grain weight was decreased with increase of irrigation. At the same irrigation,the grain yield were first increase and then decrease with increase of density, and it is highest at the middle density, the index of 1000-grain weight and grain number per spike were decreased with increase of density. the index of spike numbers was increased with increase of density,and it have significant differences between M2 and M3 at the treatment of W3,but it have no significant differences between M2 and M3 at other irrigation treatment .3.Effect of water and density on grain quality quality formationAt the same irrigation,the starch content was decreased with increase of density, the index of ratio of amylose to amylopectin,RVA parameters,peak viscosity and breakdown were first increase and then decrease with increase of density, peak viscosity and breakdown has highest value at density M2;the index of Grain Protein Content,The insoluble glutenin content,Insoluble glutenin /glutenin,wheat HMW-GS content,Weight average volune of GMP particales,dough stability time were also first increase and then decrease with increase of density,and they have it highest value at density M2. At the same planting density , the starch content was increased with increase of irrigation;the index of ratio of amylose to amylopectin,Gelatinization temperature,peak viscosity and breakdown were decrease with increase of irrigation; the index of Grain Protein Content,The insoluble glutenin content,Insoluble glutenin /glutenin,wheat HMW-GS content,Weight average volune of GMP particales,dough stability time,bread score were first increase and then decrease with increase of irrigation.4.Effect of water and density on Water use efficiencyAt the same planting density , the index of grain yield was increased with increase of irrigation ,but water use efficiency was decrease with increase of density. At the same irrigation, the Water use efficiency was first increase and then decrease with increase of density, it have highest value at density M2.5.Ascertainment of the optimum in wheat produnction density and irrigation frequnencyThe suitable density and irrigation frequnency can establish reasonable wheat population structure,and the flag leaf can keep high photosynthesus efficirncy at late filling. In this experiment, on the basics of soil moisture water,when increase one irrigation,the treatment of M2 can establish the reasonable population structure,then ophyll Content and nitrate reductase activity can keep a high value.when the irrigation times was too low ,the grain yield and quaility were poor;when the irrigation times was overabundance,the grain yield was Growth,but the grain quaility was poor and low water use efficiency. The planting density too low or too high were both go against the grain yield and quaility.In a word,the region of which rainfall is 150-250mm in wheat growth periods and long-term straw incorporation high-yield farmland. on the basis of soil moisture water and irrigating one time at jointing can get the wheat production high yield and quality.