Study On The Utilization Efficiency Of Light And Water Resources In Integrated Water And Fertilizer Cultivation With Micro-irrigation Of Wheat And Maize

Winter wheat and summer maize are the main food crops in North China Plain.However,due to the low yields of winter wheat and summer maize,uneven precipitation during the growth period,and unreasonable irrigation methods,serious waste of water resources and low utilization of light resources have been caused.Therefore,in order to give full play to the yield increase potential of winter wheat and summer maize and improve resource utilization,this study uses Jimai 22 as the test material for winter wheat and Zhengdan 958 as the test material for summer maize,was carried out in Luquan experimental station,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences from 2018 to 2020.The experiment consists of three parts:1.Winter wheat is set with 4 different belt spacings,50:20(50 cm species 6 rows,empty 20 cm,D1),50:30(50 cm species 6 rows,empty 30 cm,D2),50:40(6 rows of 50 cm plants,40 cm of space,D3)and control(conventional planting with equal row spacing,15 cm row spacing,CK),to explore the influence of crop population structure on growth and yield;2.Based on the selection of suitable belt spacing,5 different irrigation volumes are set;the total irrigation volume for each treatment is 90mm(110),112.5mm(115),135mm(120),157.5mm(125),165mm(CK).3.Five different row spacing was set in summer maize under the density of 82500 plants/hm2,and wide and narrow rows are processed 120cm+60cm(T1),90cm+60cm(T2),40cm+80cm(T3),45cm equal row spacing(T4)And 60cm equal spacing(CK)processing.Fertilization and irrigation in the three small experiments were all carried out with integrated water and fertilizer micro-spray belts..Explore the effects of planting methods and irrigation volume on crop yields,water consumption characteristics,water use efficiency and light resource utilization,and provide theoretical basis for seeking scientific irrigation systems and planting methods in this area.The research results are as follows:1.Yield characteristics of winter wheat with different belt spacingStrip planting mode,50:30 belt spacing treatment has a larger leaf area index,canopy photosynthetic capacity is enhanced,and dry matter quality is the largest in maturity period;at the same time,50:30 belt spacing treatment increases the photosynthetic effective radiation in the middle and lower canopy and improves the light conditions in the middle and lower part of the population canopy promote the formation of photosynthetic products;the number of panicles and grains per panicle increased by 2.41%and 6%,respectively,in the 50:30 belt spacing treatment,creating a good population structure and increasing yield by 5.6%.2.Effects of irrigation amount on the growth,water consumption and yield of winter wheatIn strip planting mode,the increase in irrigation rate increases the number of tillers and leaf area index of winter wheat,and the maintenance time of green leaf period is prolonged;the relative content of flag leaf chlorophyll increases.The relative content of chlorophyll in flag leaves treated with 157.5mm(125)irrigation during flowering and filling period increased by 13.07%and 8.17%compared with 165mm irrigation(contrast),delay leaf senescence.Promote the formation of photosynthetic products,increase the total amount of dry matter accumulation,promote the transfer of dry matter accumulation to the grain after flowering,and increase the grain contribution rate by 10.72%to 31.97%.The total water consumption of winter wheat is between 306.46～399.4 mm.With the increase of irrigation water,the total water consumption gradually increases;the proportion of precipitation and soil storage in the total water consumption decreases with the increase of irrigation water;winter wheat was in joint-filling the water consumption is the largest during the whole growth period,accounting for 45.33%～53.68%of the total water consumption during the whole growth period;the 165mm irrigation treatment(contrast)had a higher daily water consumption intensity from the initial stage of grouting to the mature stage.Irrigation can significantly increase the water content of the 0～30cm soil layer.Irrigation 135mm(120)treatment avoids the leakage of irrigation water into deep soil and empty rows,and improves irrigation water utilization efficiency.The irrigation water 135mm(120)treatment has the largest water use efficiency,which is increased by 7.54%;the irrigation water use efficiency decreased with the increase of irrigation water.The strip planting mode increases the amount of irrigation water,reduces the photosynthetic effective radiation in the middle and lower canopy,increases the light interception rate in the middle and upper canopy,increases the total light interception rate in the canopy,and promotes the improvement of light energy utilization;irrigation significantly increases air humidity,Reduce the air temperature and canopy temperature,and provide suitable environmental conditions for grain filling;irrigation volume has little effect on the quality of thousand-grain,and significantly increases the number of wheat ears,grains per ear and grain yield.Irrigation 157.5mm(125)treatment increases yield 4.07%～22.27%.3.Effects of row spacing on the utilization of light resources and yield of summer maizeAt the same density,the coefficients of plant height,ear height and ear height of 45 cm equal row spacing treatment are the largest,and the leaf area index and promoted the increase of chlorophyll content in ear position during grain filling.The chlorophyll content of ear position in equal row spacing was higher than that in wide and narrow rows.90cm+60cm(T2)treatment has largest dry matter quality per plant,which improves the total light energy utilization rate of the population.With different row spacing configurations,the maize canopy structure affects the internal light distribution of the population.The photosynthetically active radiation in the middle and lower part of the canopy planted in wide and narrow rows is significantly greater than that in the equal row spacing.However,the total light interception rate inside the canopy increases with the decrease of the row distance.The 45cm equal row spacing(T4)treatment has the largest total light interception rate.The light interception rate of the middle upper and middle lower canopy of the equi-row planted canopy increases,but the light interception in the middle and upper canopy is significantly improved it promotes photosynthesis of the middle and upper leaves and provides a material basis for grain filling;at the same time,the reduction of row spacing reduces the air temperature and canopy temperature inside the canopy,increases air humidity,and provides suitable environmental conditions for grain filling.At a density of 82,500 plants/hm2,the 45cm equal row spacing can coordinate the contradictions between the individual groups,the plants can evenly use the water and nutrients in the soil,coordinate the balance between the source and the sink,increase the number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight,and promote the increase in output increases the output by 7.04%-22.81%;the water use efficiency increases by 4.02%～19.84%.