Analysis Of Pollen Characteristics Of Ornamental Crabapple (Malus Sp.) And Its Flower, Fruit Aroma

Many Malus species (Malus Mill.) and ornamental crabapple (Malus sp.) varieties were used as materials to study. Pollen morphology was observed using environment scanning electron microscope. From the UPGMA cluster analysis, the taxa could be classified and the genetic relation between species could be investigated. Analyze the fruit and flower aroma of different crabapple variety, summarize a effective method to search new idioplasm with particular aroma in Malus. Further research on pollination character of crabapple was carried out, in order to develop and use it better.(1) Pollination compatibility of ornamental crabapple and cultivated apple was well. Ornamental crabapple was a good breeding material, and the efficient pollinate tree of cultivated apple as well. The new orchard could plant only one variety when plant ornamental crabapple.(2) The ornamental crabapple pollen belonged to the N3P4C5 type, bilateral symmetry, prolate sphericity or ultra prolate sphericity, with three germinal furrows extending almost to the full length of the grain. The exine surface had a striate pattern and some small pores. The polar length was from 34.51μm to 50.67μm and equator length was from 16.28μm to 24.95μm. The P/E range was 1.83~2.48 and the ridge width was from 0.11μm to 0.20μm. Pollen ridge interval was from 0.06μm to 0.28μm and the pore size varied from 1.20 to 27.50 pores per ten square microns.(3) From the UPGMA cluster analysis, the 42 taxa could be classified into four groups. The first group contained M. florentina, M. sylvestri, M.'Robinson'and other 7 cultivars. The second group included M. baccata and other 8 species and 3 crabapple cultivars, like M.'Hopa'. The third group consisted of M. sieversii and 3 more species and cultivar M.'Dolgo'. The last group comprised of M. coronaria, M. platycarpa, M.'Kelsey'and 13 more crabapple cultivars. Twenty-seven ornamental crabapple cultivars originated from a very complicated genetic complex, which could be stated as cross-hybrids from species from North America, Europe, and Asia. (4)1-Butanol 3-methyl-, Benzyl Alcohol, Pentanoic acid 3-methyl-4-oxo-, 1,3,7-Octatriene 3,7-dimethyl- and Heptane was identified from all the ornamental crabapple flowers. The relative content of them was high, they were the community aroma. The different kind of volatile compounds made of extraordinary aroma for different varieties. M.'Dolgo', M.'Eleyi', M.'Hopa', M.'Liset', M.'Makamik'and M.'Royalty'were good breeding material of sweet flower.(5) The main volatiles of M.'Red splender', M.'Strawberryparifit', M.'Pink Spire', M.'Radiant', M.'Sparkler'and M.'Flame'fruits comprised 2-Hexenal, 3-Hexenal, Hexanal, 2,4-Hexadienal, Benzaldehyde, Diethyl phthalate. Aldehydes were the most important components for fruit aroma, while the esters and alcohols were indispensability. The relative content of aldehydes and esters decreased as alcohols increased after M.'Red splender'and M.'Strawberryparifit'fruits riped.