Study On Pollen Activity Of Kiwifruit And Artificial Pollination

Kiwifruit is one of most cultivated fruit crops in world,and its production and cultivation has become a unique and strong competitive advantage in Shaanxi Province.As a dioecious tree,the normal fertilization of kiwifruit is the premise of fruit development for kiwifruit and the basis of high quality and high yield.Artificial pollination technology is one of the landmark of modern fruit cultivation technology.At present,foreign countries not only formed the artificial pollination system for kiwifruit,but also produced a special company which provides pollination pollen.It has formed a new industry.The use of this new technology can save the land and improve the efficiency of unit area without considering the pollination tree,so that it has a great advantage in the production of kiwifruit.However,natural pollination is still the main method of pollination in China,which leads to low production efficiency.Therefore,the study on the pollen vigor and artificial pollination technology of kiwifruit has important practical significance for the cultivation of kiwifruit.In this experiment,it was studied on the main cultivars of kiwifruit in Xi'an area that the optimum conditions for collecting and storing pollen,the suitable time for artificial pollination,the measured method of pollen viability for kiwifruit and the effects of different artificial pollination techniques on pollination.The results showed that:1.The best time for male flowers collection in kiwifruit was 8:00 ~ 11:00 am during the period of flowers slightly-open,which the pollen yield and pollen viability reached the maximum value.2.The low temperature storage of kiwifruit pollen resulted in the decrease of pollen viability.The minimum decrease in pollen viability was at 0?in the short-term storage and at-18? in long-term storage.Pollen for Long-term storage should be thawed for 3-5 h at 0 ? and used within 24 h3.For the TTC staining method,0.5% TTC was appropriately used to determine the pollen viability of kiwifruit.For the vitro germination method,the pollen was fitted to culture in the medium of 10% sucrose +0.15g/L boric acid for 9 h at 25?.4.When using solid pollination,1:20 is the best proportion between pollen and bulking material(dried starch,pine nuts and skimmed milk powder).The toner with liquid pollination decreased pollen vitality,but no significant difference was found between red powder treatment and control treatment.5.Compared with liquid pollination,fruit setting rate and weight were increased under solid pollination.In addition to “zhonghua”(female parent)× “meiwei”(male parent),the sugar content,acidity content and firmness of fruits were higher under liquid pollination than that under solid pollination.In conclusion,kiwi pollen should be collected during the period of flowers slightly-open and used as soon as possible.As the amount of powder for solid pollination is large,it is recommended to use liquid pollination.Meanwhile,the pollination is best in same variety.When the pollination is between “zhonghua” and “meiwei”,“meiwei” should be choose as female parent.