| The article studied the comprehensive investigation in Chinese rose (Rosa rugosa) and preliminary research on genetic parameters and selection efficiency of quantitative traits of fresh floral bud in Rosa rugosa. The analysis of grey system, Kriging interpolation and integration selection index were employed to investigate the flower number/plant. Based on it the analysis of Back Propagation (BP) neural network and AMMI model were done on the floral yield. There were considerable differences in drought-resistance in rugosa rose cultivars by the preliminary study on drought-resistance in Rugosa Rose cultivars and provenances. The genetic variation and CAR model of multivariable time Series on flowering period etc. in Rugosa Rose was analyzed. The different cultivars were selected to do polyploid induction breeding of new cultivars by colchicine and hybrid pollination. This will enrich the germplasm resource in Rugosa rose. The main results are as following:1.The floral bud yield/plant (y) and 13 quantitative traits of 20 rugosa rose cultivars were investigated. Analysis of genetic correlation, correlative heritability (hxy) and path analysis were carried out. The results indicated: (1) the number of floral bud/plant (x8), the number of branches (x13), the length of the first petal (x3), the length of the second petal (x5), the length of floral bud (x1) had significant genetic correlation relationship with y; (2) hxy of x8, x5, x13 and x1 related to y were higher respectively, and which were close to heritability (h2) of y. The efficiency of correlation selection of these traits would not be much lower than direct selection of y; the result of path analysis of genetic coefficient showed further that the length of the second petal (x5), the length and width of floral bud have higher direct effect of the floral bud yield/plant. (3) x1, x8, x5,x13, the fresh weight of pedals/floral bud (x9) played an important positive part in improving y according to decision coefficient.2.Seeking for the theory and techniques of selection breeding of high flower yield rugosa rose cultivars, the analysis of grey system, Kriging interpolation and integration selection index were employed to investigate the relationship between the flower yield per plant and 15 quantitative traits of 20 rugosa rose cultivars. The result showed that: The grey relational grade (GRG) of the flower number/plant, the number of branch, the width of floral bud and the weight of single flower to the flower yield/plant were larger (> 0.5). Kriging interpolation simulation was applied to analyze the flower yield/plant. It was found that the value of target trait went up with increase of the number of flower/plant and the number of branch. Moreover, the indirect selection of either trait couldn't get better improvement of flower yield/plant. It's necessary to improve flower yield/plant by multi-trait selection. The integration selection index equation of flower yield/plant was established with the characters flower number/plant, the number of branch, the width of floral bud and the weight of single flower. I =0.3x1 -318.6 x2 +670.1x4 +6.3x8. Index heritability = 0.8014, selective response of the integration breeding value = 245.8811. This will provide theoretic base for genetic breeding of rugosa rose.3. 13 Rugosa Rose cultivars were employed in this experiment. The flower yield/plant during continuous two years was measured and analyzed by AMMI (Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) model. The article discussed the genotype, environment and interactive effects of genotype by environment (G×E) of flower yield/plant. The results showed that the proportions of the sum of squares of genotype, environment and G×E interactive effects to total sum of squares was 65.610%,12.352%,22.038% respectively, the error only 2.75×10-17%. And there were significant effects in genotype, environment and G×E interaction. The flower yield/plant in the 13 cultivars was mainly between 500-1000g. AMMI plots and taxis plots showed that there were positive interaction effects of cultivars R. rugosa'Purple Cloud', R. rugosa'Jade Plate', R. rugosa'Tang Purple', R. rugosa'Tang Pink', R. rugosa'Purple Branch', R. rugosa'Puce Dragon'by environment in 2006 and negative by environment in 2007, positive interaction effects of cultivars R. rugosa'Saixizi', R. rugosa'Tang Red', R. rugosa'Xizi', R. rugosa'Zifurong', R. rugosa'Zhuzishuanghui', R. rugosa'Purple Goose', R. rugosa'Xiangciguo'by environment in 2007 and negative by environment in 2006. The adaptability analysis revealed that R. rugosa'Puce Dragon', R. rugosa'Tang Purple', R. rugosa'Saixizi' were optimal adaptation to environment. AMMI model explained clearly the genotype, environment and G×E interactions of yield trait in rugosa rose cultivars. We can reach the conclusion that: The most stable and high output cultivars were R. rugosa'Xizi', R. rugosa'Zifurong'and R. rugosa'Saixizi('1200～1800g). The relative stable ones were R. rugosa'Jade Plate', R. rugosa'Tang Pink', R. rugosa'Purple Branch', R. rugosa'Purple Cloud', R. rugosa'Purple Goose'and R. rugosa'Zhuzishuanghui'(800～1150g). The high yield but less unstable cultivars were R. rugosa'Tang Purple'and R. rugosa'Puce Dragon'(1700～2600g). The lower yield and unstable cultivars were R. rugosa'Tang Red'and R. rugosa'Xiangciguo'(500～600g).4. Based on the ANOVA of 8 quantitative traits in 20 Rugosa rose cultivars, the analysis of repeatability was investigated in the research. The result showed that there was significant difference in each trait. The repeatability of the yield per plant in every cultivar was great (over 0.85). This will provide theoretic base for genetic resource research and breeding of Rugosa rose.5. All the quantitative traits of 20 rose cultivars were presented to the analysis of Back Propagation (BP) neural network and stepwise regression. The flower number/plant which was more correlation with the flower yield/plant was selected to do the analysis of one-variable linear regression and conic of one-variable nonlinear to predict the flower yield/plant. The result showed that the absolute values of relative error of the prediction in flower yield/plant of all cultivars were the smallest by the analysis of Back Propagation (BP) neural network (<10%), the highest was 9.060%. The curve of Back Propagation (BP) neural network in flower yield/plant was near to the actual values, they were almost overlapped. This suggested that Back Propagation (BP) neural network was a new simulation method in the application to prediction in the yield. The flower yield/plant was accurately predicted by Back Propagation (BP) neural network. It will provide guiding significance for high flower yield.6. The study presented, for the first time, the observation, analysis of genetic variation and CAR(n) model on flowering period,flowering diameter,the number of flower/plant and the number of petal/flower which are associated with ornamental value it, such as in 13 main rugosa rose cultivars. The results showed that the differences between these ornamental traits were significant. The heritability (h2) of each trait was higher(0.5779-0.7462). Genetic variation coefficients were between 0.0315-0.5235. The variation patterns of flowering periods and their component units which are squaring period, initial blooming stage, florescence stage and faded stage considerable various. The combinations between flowering period and flowering diameter, the number of petal, or the number of flower were diverse. The cultivars'Puce Dragon','Tang Purple','Tang Red'and'Xizi'possessed larger number of flowers/plant and longer flowering period.'Puce Dragon','Purple Branch','Tang Purple'and'Xiangciguo'possessed larger number of petals and longer flowering period.'Purple Branch'was the earliest and longest in flowering period, and multiple flowering. Then the CAR (n) model was developed. Finally, the breeding strategies of ornamental traits such as flowering period etc. in rugosa rose were discussed. This will provide theoretical basis for new cultivars breeding and parental mating design which will further improve the ornamental value of rugosa rose.7. The experiment studied the 2n pollen-induction and hybrid breeding in Rugosa rose. Based on the study on the meiotic process of pollen mother cells, it can be found that it is time when the petals were not exerted the bud (the petal is yellow, the anther is milk- white.) to induce 2n pollen. The hybrid result showed that there was considerable difference in fruit setting rate in different parent. This will provide reference for the selection of crossing parents in Rugosa rose breeding.
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