| Peat is an important natural and ecological resource. As a special resource, people are paying more and more attention to its exploitation, utilization and protection, so ecological characteristics research of peat soil is very important to protection and management of peat soil.Gahai Wetland is an important part of Ruoergai Wetland. Peat in Gahai Wetland plays an important role in water conservation and carbon stock. Spatial variability of soil moisture and nutrients of peat in Gahai wetland and their correlations were investigated and analyzed by field sampling method and lab measurement. The main research results as following:(1)The mean moisture content of peat soil was 122.29%,that of 0～10,10～20,20～40,40～60 and 60～80cm was 111.43,127.43,126.74,129.22 and 116.64%,respectively. There was no significant difference in different soil layers except that of surface layer and last layer were slightly low.The analysis of spatial variability showed that the degree of spatial variability of peat soil moisture content was medium.(2)In different micro-topography conditions, the variation of moisture content of peat soil followed such a series, that, sunny slope(80.07%) -3, respectively, that of the soil general porosity 81.18, 80.14, 78.20, 77.33 and 74.08%. With soil depth increased, the soil bulk density had the increasing tendency while general porosity had declining tendency. There were significant differences of soil bulk density and general porosity in different soil layers.(4)The soil moisture content was negative correlated with soil bulk density (correlation coefficient was -0.774) but positive correlated with soil general porosity (correlation coefficient was 0.738).(5)The mean soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium content of peat soil was 302.04, 10.37, 0.81, 13.93 g·kg-1, respectively and their degree of spatial variability was medium. The variance analysis showed that there was no significant difference of soil nutrients content in different plots except total phosphorus content.(6)The soil organic matter content of peat soil in sunny slope, shady slope and the interdune depression was 223.58, 333.58 and 368.42g·kg-1, respectively, that of total nitrogen content 8.99,11.32 and 12.86g·kg-1,that of total phosphorus content 0.72, 0.83 and 0.84 g·kg-1, that of total potassium content 14.44, 14.29 and 12.21g·kg-1. The variation of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content followed such a series, that, sunny slope-1, respectively, that of total nitrogen content 10.70, 10.37, 10.90, 10.71 and 7.55g·kg-1, that of total phosphorus content 0.85, 0.90, 0.82, 0.77 and 0.67g·kg-1, that of total potassium content 14.26, 13.41, 13.16, 14.56 and 14.62g·kg-1. With soil depth increased, the mean content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus decreased gradually while that of total potassium firstly declined and then increased. There was no significant difference of soil nutrients content in different soil layers.(8)The correlation analysis showed that the soil organic matter content of peat soil was positive correlated with soil moisture content (correlation coefficient was 0.702), while was negative correlated with soil bulk density (correlation coefficient was -0.719). Soil total nitrogen content was positive correlated with soil moisture content (correlation coefficient was 0.416) while was negative correlated with and soil bulk density(correlation coefficient was -0.461). Soil total phosphorus content was positive correlated with soil moisture content (correlation coefficient was 0.348) while was negative correlated with and soil bulk density(correlation coefficient was -0.543).Soil total potassium content was positive correlated with soil bulk density (correlation coefficient was 0.490) while was negative with soil moisture content (correlation coefficient was -0.620).
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