Study On Special Structures And Expression Of AR-mRNA In The Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiseus Sinensis) Spleen

Spleen is the largest peripheral lymphoid organ on path of blood circulation, and plays an important role of immune reaction. The structures of spleen are difference in variety classes. Pelodiseus Sinensis belongs to reptile, is special to the reptile of China and have a unusral place in the evolution, lower than mammalian and birds. Up to now, reptors about spleen structures of Pelodiseus Sinensis are less and scattered. Some authors have studied histological compartment of spleen in the soft-shelled turtle Pelodiseus Sinensis by light microscope and transmission electron microscope, and proposed that the spleen of the soft-shelled turtle included white pulp and red pulp, and showed a high level of white pulp organization, indicated by the presence of two white pulp compartments, the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath (PALS) and periellipsoidal lymphocyte sheath (PELS), respectively. However, these studies are not enough to Pelodiseus Sinensis.it is necessary to elucidate clearly the cell composition and functions of the ellipsoids and blood circulation of spleen. Therefore, the present study was undertaked to solve these problems.Experimentâ… Characteristics of the penicilliform capillaries and circulation in soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiseus Sinensis) spleen By using microscopy and electron microscopy, morphology of the penicilliform capillaries (PC) and blood circulation in the spleen of the soft-shelled turtle Pelodiseus Sinensis were examined in detail. The results showed that the central artery (CA) becomes the PC when the CA enters the PELS. The PC was longer than the CA. The proximal portion of the PC was straight. However, the distal portions of the PC bifurcated two or four times. The end of the PC was directly open into the pulp cords from where the blood enters the sinuses between their endothelial cells. The shape of the endothelial cells of the PC was cube. The ellipsoid consists of supporting cells and ellipsoid-associated cells (EAC) concentrically arranged around the PC. The results of silver impregnation for staining reticular fibers showed that heavy reticular fibers distributed in the ellipsoid. Red cells and lymphocytes often distributed in the ellipsoid. Injected carbon appeared in the ellipsoid by 40 minutes. These results suggested that the circulation of the Pelodiseus Sinensis was anatomically open; morphologic characteristics of the PC were a basic for cells migration and filtration.Experimentâ…¡Discovery of the blood-spleen barrier in soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiseus Sinensis Blood-spleen barrier (BSB), as a mechanical filtration, located between terminal arterial vessels and proximal venules, which is only found in mice or rats spleen so far. The information of the blood-spleen barrier is lack in other pieces. We investigated the structure of soft-shelled turtle spleens and demonstrated that there were several microanatomical peculiarities in turtle that was similar to BSB in the rats or mice spleen by using immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscope and so on. The parenchyma of spleen included red pulp and white pulp, but lacking a marginal zone. In turtles the white pulp of the spleen was composed of two compartments, the PALS and the PELS. The lymph nodule was not found. Reticular fibers were mainly distributed in ellipsoid and outer PELS. Reticular cells and macrophages both were distributed in outer PELS. S-100 protein positive cells were mainly distributed in outer PELS and entire PALS. Carbons were observed in the ellipsoid within 40 minutes. Fewer carbons were observed in outer PELS and fewer carbons in the red pulp and the PALS. These results demonstrated that recirculating materials entered the turtle spleen from the channels of the penicilliform capillaries and ellipsoids, antigen was filtered by complex of Ellipsoid and PELS outer (including dendritic cells, reticular fibers and cells, macrophages ) Our findings suggested that this complex was analogous to the BSB in the rats or mice spleen.Experimentâ…¢ISH detection of androgen receptor mRNA in spleen cells of soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiseus Sinensis) In situ hybridization (ISH) was conducted on the tissue sections by oligonucleotide probe marked by cardiox. The expressions and localization of androgen receptor mRNA were detected in the cells of spleen tissue. The results indicated that the distribution of AR positive cells in the Periaterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) and red pulp were more than those in the periellipsoidal lymphatic sheath (PELS). Most of AR-mRNA positive cells are round or oval-shap; the others are lager and irregular. The signals were distributed in cytoplasm and nuclei of all positive cells. The results suggest that the round or oval-shap cells might be B lymphocyte, the others might be macrophages .The presence of AR-mRNA in the spleen would provide further evidence that androgen might be one of factors which effect on function of spleen and the other immune organs.