Biology, Management And Genetic Difference Of Different Populations Of Grape Phylloxera Daktulosphaira Vitifoliae (Fitch) In China

Grape phylloxera,Daktulosphaira vitifoliae(Homoptera:Phylloxeridae),is one of the most destructive insect of cultivated grapes.It is native east of the Rocky Mountains in USA,and be found only on vitis vine.It is a quarantine pest of China,which was found in 1935 and was found again in 2005 in China.The development and reproduction of D.vitifoliae were evaluated at 5 constant temperature(16℃,20℃,24℃,28℃and 32℃),sensitivity of different development stages of D.vitifoliae to 5 systemic pesticides in bioassay and also the control effects of these pesticides against D.vitifoliae by using tree-trunk lacquer method in field were evaluated, The sequence mitochondrial cytochrome oxidaseâ… ,mitochondrial cytochrome oxidaseâ…¡and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase b genes of 3 different geographical populations of D.vitifoliae collected from Shanghai,Huaihua of Hunan Province and Xi'an of Shanxi Province were amplified,and which were compared with the published mtDNA sequence in GenBank,in order know where the D.vitifoliae in China come from.The results as follows:1.The effect of temperature on development and reproduction of D.vitifoliae was obvious.The development rate increased with the rising of temperature in the range of 16～28℃,but all the 1^st instar crawlers died at 32℃.The lower development threshold in all development stages and thermal constant was 13.14℃and 117.88 degree-days.The survival rates of egg to adult increase evidently with temperature increase in the range of 16℃～28℃.Optimal temterature for D.vitifoliae development and reproduction are between 24℃～28℃.Population dynamics varies during the seasons from May to November,with population reaching the first peak in the mid-August and then declining, and the reaching second peak after October.2.The sensitivity of D.vitifoliae to carbosulfan,imidacloprid,thiamethoxan, acephate,lorsban in all development stages were high in laboratory and carbosulfan had the best control effect with its control effectiveness LC₅₀ were 1.5281mg/L,1.1736mg/L and 2.7526mg/L for egg,crawler and adult,respectively,but the control effect was badly in field with tree-trunk lacquer method.3.The mtDNA COâ… ,mtDNA COâ…¡and mtDNA Cytb genes of 3 different geographical populations of D.vitifoliae were sequenced and compared with the published gene sequences in GenBank.Results showed that there is limit difference between Xi'an and Huaihua's D.vitifoliae and the genetic distance is 0.2%with the populations from France,Germany,Oregon,Pennsylvanian and Washington,it can considered the population of Xi'an and Huaihua's D.vitifoliae might possiblely come from the same region above;The genetic distance between Shanghai's population with Iowa or New York are also 0.43%,so the Shanghai's population might be likely to from different region where that Huaihua and Xi'an's population came.