Study Of Extraction Methods And Analysis Of Seed Oil And Pericarp Essential Oil From Mallotus Apelta

Mallotus apelta(Lour)Muell-Arg is a plant of Euphorbiaceae Mallotus,with awide distribution,rich resources,to cultivate easyly and the oil extraction rate being 36.5%.So,it is good kind of new energy plant which Transform to Biodiesel from woody oil resources.The author used a variety of methods to extract oil seed extraction process for the system,determinate the acidity value,saponification value and the fatty acid composition of it and study extraction methods and composition of Pericarp essential oil.The main results were following:1.Solvent extraction,soxhlet extraction,microwave-assisted extraction and supercritical CO₂ extraction,were compared and used to extract the seed oil of Mallotus apelta(Lour)Muel1.Arg.The optimum condition of extraction was obtained through orthogonal tests and single factor tests of soxhlet extraction and microwave-assisted.(1)The optimum extraction conditions for solvent extraction: petroleum ether(60℃～90℃)250 mL,the extraction time 3 days and oil yielding ratio32.2%.(2)Yhe optimal technological parameters for soxhlet extraction:petroleum ether(60℃～90℃)300 mL,extraction time 4 hours,80℃water bath heating,and oil yielding ratio32.2%.(3)The optimal technological parameters for microwave extraction:hexane300 mL,extraction time 7 minutes,temprature 45℃,microwave power 700W,and oil yielding ratio35.7%.(4) The optimal technological parameters for supercritical CO₂ extraction:extractor pressure 30 MPa,separatorâ… pressure 8 MPa, separatorâ…¡pressure 8 MPa,extractor temperature45℃,The extraction rate30.2%.2.Different sites of seeds were study and the oil content of episperm,endopleura and embryo is17.9%,12.6%and 69.5%.Embryo is the most.3.Physical and chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of seed oil of it:the number of carbon in the oil was 19.The main material of fatty acid is different as the different extraction method.(1)there were Heptadecanoic acid(32.21%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(22.41%),5,11,14,17-Eicosatetraenoic acid(13.07%), 9-Hexadecenoic acid(12.08%)by soxhlet extraction;(2) there were 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(35.85%),9-Octadecenoic acid(25.73%),Hexadecanoic acid(15.24%),5,11,14,17-Eicosatetraenoi cacid(9.84%)by microwave-assisted extraction.There were(Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid(32.72%),Hexadecanoic acid (32.11%),10,13-Octadecadienoic acid(23.78%) by supercritical carbon dioxide.Acid value of the oil was high(13.9),so it needs to deacidfy before making biodiesel. Viscridity was 197.1 and average molecular weight was 854.03.4.Steam distillation,microwave-assisted extraction and supercritical CO₂ extraction,were used to extract the Pericarp essential oil of it.(1) The optimum extraction conditions for steam distillation were extraction time 6～7 hours, temprature 90℃,and essential oil yielding ratiol.2%.(2) The optimum extraction conditions for supercritical CO₂ extraction were extractor temperature 40℃,extractor pressure35 MPa,extractor temperature40℃,the extraction rate4.71%.(3)The optimum extraction conditions for microwave-assisted extraction were hexane 100 mL, extraction time 90 seconds,microwave power60%,and oil yielding ratio5.1%.5.The 45 compounds in the essential oil by steam distillation were identified,the principal constituents being naphthalenes,terpenes,alcohols and aldehydes. The essential substance was:n-hexadecanoicacid(13.867%)Eudesma-4(14),11-diene(11.390%),Naphthalene,d ecahydro-4a-methyl-1-methylene-7-methylethenyl)-,[4aR-(4a.alpha.,7.alpha.,8a.beta.) ](11.390%),Azulene,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl)-,[1S -(1.alpha.,4.alpha.,7.alpha.)]-(11.390%),1H-Cycloprop[e]azulene,decahydro-1,1,7-tri methyl-4-methylene-,[1aR-(1a.alpha.,4a.beta.,7.alpha.,7a.beta.,7b.alpha.)]-(11.390%), Naphthalene,1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,8a-dimethyl-7-(1-methyletheny|)-,[1S-(1.al pha.,7.alpha.,8a.alpha.)]-(11.390%),2-Isopropenyl-4a,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,Sa-oct ahydronaphthalene(10.158%),2-Isopropenyl-4a,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydro naphthalene(10.158%),1,6,10-Dodecatrien-3-ol,3,7,11-trimethyl-,[S-(Z)]-(9.000%),Vi ridiflorol(7.241%).