The Research Of Histology And Structure Of Turtles' Alimentary Canal And Antiradiation Of Tortoise Cell

The research of morphous and structure is the foundation of zoobiology and disease's prevention.Chinemys reevesii and Mauremys mutica are important aquatic animals with high economic value in China.However there are few studies on histology,physiology and biochemistry.Turtle is a kind of long life animal.It was reported that tortoise has the ability of antiradiation.But the mechanism has not been thoroughly known,still fragmentary.In this paper,paraffine histotomy technique was used to research the histologies of Chinemys reevesii and Mauremys mutica,and scanning electron microscope was used to observe their alimentary canal.The two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) was used to compare the proteomes of tortoise cell extracted at various stages.The results showed that:1.Their alimentary canal are both composed of cavum oropharyngeum, esophagus,stomach,small intestine and large intestine.2.The results of histological research showed that,each part of their alimentary canal are composed of mucosa,submucosa,muscularis and serosa.The anterior part of tortoise's esophagus is stratified columnar epithelium,goblet cells distributing in it.There are diffuse lymphoid tissue in lamina propria.T here is tubular gland at the posterior part mucous membrane of esophagus.The strucure of Mauremys mutica's esophagus is similar to Chinemys reevesii,but there is no glandular organ.The structure of stomach is similar in two tortoises,with shape of U,and composed of cardia,fundus of stomach,pylorus.The mucous membrane epithelial cell is with the shape of monolayer high column,nuclear is at base of the cell.The lamina propria is thick,filled with glandular organ.There are two types of gastric gland cells. The one is big and has big karyon,the cytoplasm is addicted to alkality.The another is small and has small karyon,the cytoplasm is addicted to acidity,muscular layer of stomach is developed.The small intestine are both composed of duodenum,jejunum,ileum in two tortoises.The mucous membrane epithelium is with the shape of monolayer column. There is lymphatic nodule under the lamina propria.Their large intestine are both composed of colon and rectum.The mucous membrane epithelium is composed of columnar cell and lots of goblet cells distributing in it.3.Their structues of alimentary canal observed by scanning electron microscope are similar.There are many gastric pits in the stomach.It can be observed that many goblet cells distributing in the small intestine.4.The tortoise cell can be subcultured,the important period of growth is the fouth generation,starting at the fifth generation,the status of cell growth changed obviously and following with the celltransformation.5.Seven protein spots disappeared after the 12h,36h irradiation;Four protein spots diminished after the 12h,36h irradiation;sixteen protein spots showed significant differences in quantity after the irradiation.X-ray irradiation can induce a significant differences in protein expression of tortoise cell.These different protein spots may be concerned with the damage and stress reaction after the irradiation.