Research On The Quality Characteristics Of Commonly Used Organic Fertilizer In Tobacco Field

The thesis studied the quality characteristics of bean cake, chicken manure, pig manure, wheat straw and ryegrass which were commonly used organic fertilizer in tobacco field through analyzing chemical constituents of organic fertilizer and the effects of organic fertilizer on soil nitrogen release and soil fertility, in order to provide scientific basis for suitable utilize organic fertilize and quality evaluation of commonly used organic fertilizer in tobacco field.Firstly, the results which research on the chemical constituents characteristics of organic fertilizers showed that: The differences of inorganic and organic nutrient composition between different kinds of organic fertilizers are obviously because of their species, accumulating and making methods, production region conditions and the feeding mode of livestock and poultry are different. According to content of nutrient of organic fertilizers, they were divided into four quality grades by cluster analysis. First grade sample including bean cake which its content of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and organic substances is high. Second grade samples including chicken manure in Yishui and pig manure in Yishui which the content of nitrogen and phosphorus is high, the content of organic matter and organic substances is in middle levels. Third grade samples including ryegrass and sweet potato stem which the content of nitrogen is in middle levels, and the content of phosphorus is low, the content of organic matter and organic substances is in middle levels. Fourth grade samples include cattle manure in Yishui, wheat straw, corn stalk, pig manure in Luoping, cattle manure in Luoping and yard manure. The characteristics of cattle manure in Yishui, wheat straw and corn stalk is the content of nitrogen and phosphorus is low, the content of organic matter is high, the content of organic substances is in middle levels. The characteristics of pig manure in Luoping, cattle manure in Luoping and yard manure is the content of nitrogen are in middle levels, the content of phosphorus, organic matter and organic substances is low. The results of principal component analysis showed that: the first, second and third principal component are carbon factor, nitrogen factor and phosphorus factor respectively. The humus composition content of the organic fertilizers have not obvious law because of their species, accumulating and making methods, production region conditions and source are different. While, the HA/FA of the organic fertilizers have obviously law, the HA/FA of pig manure and chicken manure are less than one, but the HA/FA of cattle manure and yard manure are bigger than one.Second, nitrogen release characteristics of organic fertilizer: waterlogged incubation treatment in brown soil and cinnamon soil indicated that mineral nitrogen content of soil was improved greatly when bean cake is added, the next are chicken manure, pig manure, ryegrass. Wheat straw added treatment has little influence on mineral nitrogen of soil, its nitrogen was fixed in brown soil. The sequence of maximum value of inorganic nitrogen content in different treatments soil is bean cake, chicken manure, pig manure, ryegrass, wheat straw. The content of inorganic nitrogen in soil of bean cake treatment was increased rapidly in the period of incubation 0～2 weeks, and the nitrogen of soil was released rapidly, after two weeks, the content of inorganic nitrogen in soil is maximum basically. The process of nitrogen release in soil of chicken manure and pig manure treatment are slower than bean cake taking, and, the content of inorganic nitrogen in soil is maximum basically after eight weeks. Ryegrass nitrogen release is complex, its nitrogen release and fixation carried out alternately. The wheat straw added treatment mainly showed nitrogen fixation.Third, the results of organic fertility betterment: under situ cultivation and waterlogged incubation conditions, all treated soils contains most Asp, Glu, Leu, Gly, Val in the seventeen amino acids, and least Tyr, Met, Cys, His. According to situ cultivation and waterlogged incubation we conclude that wheat stem, ryegrass, pig manure, chicken manure can raise organic matter, total nitrogen and amino acids content, improving fertility of soil. Because adding organic fertilizer, humus acid content and the ratio of HA/FA in Brown Soil and Cinnamon Soil also increase, improving the combination of humus acid and the quality of organic Matter in Brown Soil and Cinnamon Soil. Consider nitrogen supply of organic fertilizer, the quality of organic Matter and the improvement of organic nutrition, we conclude that the organic fertility betterment effect of pig manure and chicken manure is the best, wheat stem and ryegrass take second place, the use of bean cake is the least and also the worst.Fourth, the rational use of organic fertilizer: the content of inorganic nitrogen in soil of bean cake treatment was increased rapidly in the period of incubation 0～2 weeks, and the nitrogen of soil was released rapidly, after two weeks, the content of inorganic nitrogen in soil is maximum basically. So bean cake belonging to active fertilizer.The process of nitrogen release in soil of chicken manure and pig manure treatment are slower than bean cake taking, and, the content of inorganic nitrogen in soil is maximum basically after eight weeks. Therefore, chicken manure and pig manure belonging to active fertilizer. And, pig manure is slower than chicken manure.The C/N of ryegrass and wheat straw is too big to release, but it can improve organic matter and amino acids in soil. Therefore, organic fertilizer must be properly used according to fertilizer requirement characteristics of tobacco and fertilizers property.