Study On Development Of Hemiangiocarpous Basidiocarp

Pholiota adiposa,Agaricus bisporus,Gymnopilus spectabilis and Lampteromyces japonicus were chosen as test materials,which were cultivated in laboratory.The primordia of different developmental periods were selected to conduct studies of ontogeny by paraffin wax microtome method.The results showed that Pholiota adiposa,Agaricus bisporus and Gymnopilus spectabilis were hemiangiocarpous,in which Pholiota adiposa and Gymnopilus spectabilis were bivelangiocarpous,Agaricus bisporus was paravelangiocarpous.Lampteromyces japonicus was hypopilangiocarpous because of amphiblemate.According to developmental sequences of fruit bodies,Pholiota adiposa was pileostipiocarpous, Agaricus bisporus was pileocarpous,Gymnopilus spectabilis was stipitocarpous and Lampteromyces japonicus was hymenocarpous.Classification of developmental type was on the basis of hyphal morphology in different developmental periods.Parallel hyphae or hyphal bundle with radiatingly growth were beginning of veil differentiation.Long and parallel hyphae with longitudinally growth were beginning of stipe differentiation.Parallel hyphae with latitudinally growth were beginning of pileo-differentiation.Formation of palisade parallel hyphae were beginning of hymenium.Veil was characteristic structure of hemiangiocarpous fruit bodies,and blema was that of metacarpous. Universal veil were abundant and remained veil remnants strikingly on surface of Pholiota adiposa after mature.In Gymnopilus spectabilis universal veil remnants were indistinct because of joining formation of cortex,partial veil hyphae grew together with stipe hyphae,annulus formed by which was difficult to drop. Partial veil was formed by lipsanenchyma mainly in Agaricus bisporus,so the annulus was easy to drop. Annulus of Lampteromyces japonicus were formed by cauloblema hyphae,which were keeping to grow radiatingly.In Agaricus bisporus palisade parallel hyphae formed in crack of pileus tissue,that of Lampteromyces japonicus formed on primordial apex and in cavity of Gymnopilus spectabilis and Pholiota adiposa.Crack, cavity and primordial apex all had abundant free hyphal tips,which were arranged parallely and formed palisade layer,as the beginning of hymenial differentiation.In which protrude formed,pileus fundamental hyphae got into protrude continuously,that pushed the primal gills downward to stipe,so growing point was primal gill base not tip,and gills originated from pileus fundamental tissue.Y shape were formed in secondary gill cavity,through which one broad gill sepatated into two narrow gills.