Separation And Purification Of Biomacromolecules From Castor Beans And Preparation Of Their Derivatives

Caster is a kind of oil plant, which has strong adaptability, high economic value and wide application prospect. The main works for this thesis are the separation and purification of ricin from castor beans, the refinement of castor oil and the preparation of its derivatives. The results are as below.(1) The methods of separation and purification of ricin was established. The B chain of ricin molecule combined with the galactose of sepharose 4B, hence ricin could be separated from other impurity proteins. In different pH value conditions, ricin and ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) have different affinity with sepharose 4B. When pH value was 5.0, RCA had stronger affinity with sepharose 4B than ricin, and ricin would be eluted firstly.(2) The refining process of castor oil was established. The key problems in alkali neutralization are controlling the addition amount of lye (NaOH) and keeping appropriate reaction temperature. In decoloration, the adding proportion of acid clay-activated carbon was 90:1, the decolorant adding amount was 4%– 7% of castor oil, the reaction temperature was 90°C and the decolorizing time was 30 min. The establishment of various oil detection methods is helpful to the study on castor oil derivatives and other oil sources.(3) The preparation process of ricinoleic acid methyl ester (RAME) was established. The adding proportion of castor oil-anhydrous methanol-NaOH was 20:6:1, the reaction temperature was 60°C and the reaction time was 1– 1.5 h. Crude glycerol could be prepared through methanol dilution, neutralization, centrifugation and distillation of glycerol phase in the reaction vessel.(4) The preparation process of sulfonated castor oil was established. The sulfonating reaction temperature between 30– 40°C would be proper, and the standing time was 20– 30 min after finishing adding dropwise of concentrated sulfuric acid. Different acidification level of sulfonated castor oil was prepared through regulating the addition amount of concentrated sulfuric acid.