| Heterosis is a kind of common phenomenon in biosphere,it is one of the most effective approaches which making use of the heterosis to raise crop output and to improve its quality.Since long ago,the people devote to discuss the hereditary basis and the forecast method of heterosis continuously,in order to make use of heterosis better.The development and application of molecular mark provide a new and effective technical platform for going deep into the study of the crop heterosis phenomenon.In the past,the research of soybean SSR molecular mark technology mainly concentrated on the heredity multiplicity,heredity atlas constructing and the variety identification,but the research of explorating the possibility with soybean parent heredity range to predict heterosis,as well as the selecting and matching for parent,and heterosis forecasting were really few.Therefore,it is necessary to carry on the exploration in this domain.We adopt the 5×6 hybridization combination designed by NCⅡas materials,has determined the heterosis of the soybean agriculture and quality properties,and calculated the inheritance distance between parent using SSR molecular mark technology,thus did the exploration for the relation of the inheritance distance between parents and the heterosis.The main results are as follows:The 30 hybrids and 11 parents materials were cultivated to the field according to the random area group, we observed and determined eleven agriculture and quality properties of the soybean hybrids and parents systematically during the period of bearing and after the harvest separately.The parents including Jilin 30 (code number is 2),Jilin 35(code number is 16),Jilin 38(code number is 3),Jilin 47(code number is 19), Tongnong 13(code number is 18),2002 department selections(code number is 17),Italy 3(code number is 6), PEMVy(code number is 9),EXP(code number is 12),AR1RA(code number 13) and SAPPRO(code number is 14).The agriculture properties which were determined include:Height,pitch number,branch number, single plant pod number,single plant granule number,insect eat granule rates,the stem thick,hundred grains weight,single plant grain weight;Quality properties include:Crude protein content,crude fat content.Through the computation to MPH and BPH of the soybean different combination.The result discovered that,there was the obvious heterosis in soybean,the MPH average value of each property in 30combination respectively were:The pitch number is 0.4%,the branch number is 15.9%,single plant pod number is 22.39%,single plant granule number is 25.2%,the insect eats granule rates is-11.29%,the stem thick is 10.4%,hundred grains weight is 5.32%,single plant grain weight is 33.28%,the fat is 0.69%,height is 0.26%,the protein is -0.07%.Most computations the heterosis were positive in the stem thick,hundred grains weight,single plant grain weight,single plant pod number,and single plant granule number.But they were negative in height,pitch number,the protein and the fat.There did not have any character in 30 different combinations is all the positive or negative value.The most middle parents superiority of soybean various characters appeared on the single plant grain weight:The middle parents superiority of single plant grain weight in 3×12 combination is 139.73%;Through the computation to BPH of the soybean different combination,the BPH average value of each property in 30combination respectively were:The height is -8.89%,the main pitch number is -4.19%,the effective branch number is 1.67%,single plant pod number is 17.08%,single plant granule number is 19.77%,the insect eats granule rates is 18.21%,the stem thick is10.15%,hundred grains weight is1.95%,single plant grain weight is20.03%,the fat is-3.65%,the protein is -2.71%.Most computations the heterosis were positive in hundred grains weight,single plant granule number, single plant grain weight.But they were negative in height,single plant pod number,the fat and the protein.The most super parents superiority of soybean various characters appeared on the single plant grain weight:The super parents superiority of single plant grain weight in 3×13 combination is 117.45%;We analyzed the combining ability of agriculture and quality properties in the soybean 30 combinations. As for general combining ability,only the protein and hundred grains weight these two properties which the combining ability of parents sorts,has reached the significance above the level of 0.01 at the same time;the pitch number and the branch number which the combining ability of parents sorts,has reached the significance above the level of 0.05.In the field of female parent:single plant pod number,single plant granule number,hundred grains weight,single plant grain weight and the protein had achieved the significance in level of 0.01,the pitch number,branch number,insect eat granule rates had achieved the significance above the level of 0.05,the stem thick and the fat had achieved the significance in level of 0.01; In the field of the male parent:the height,pitch number,branch number,hundred grains weight and the protein had achieved the significance in level of 0.01.In special combining ability,single plant pod number,single plant granule number and fat had achieved the significance in level of 0.05,the stem thick was 0.01,among the total the special combining ability of fat displays two kind of effects:positive direction and negative direction,this explained that we may find the best combination.And the 3×9(4.76),2×12(4.17),17×6(3.9) is the best;The stem thick is the same,and the combination of 16×9(22.9),19×13(15.68),16×14(13.2) is the best;the special combining ability of single plant pod number displays two kind of effects,too.The best combination is 17×12(24.7),18×13(21.47),3×6 (21.38);the same as single plant granule number,the combination of 16×9(22.09),19×13(15.69),18×6 (13.84) is the best.In order to discuss the possibility which using the inherit range between parents to predict the soybean heterosis.This research applied the SSR molecule mark technology,took the soybean leaf in seedling stage as the material,extracted genome DNA of 11 parents,computated the inherit range between parents using SSR molecule mark technology,and carried on the correlation analysis with special combining ability,the hybrid performance and the heterosis.The exploration results were as follows:We molecular marked the inherit range matrix with microsatellite,carried on the cluster analysis on 11 genetypes according to the UPGMA method.This 11 parents were gathered to be three kinds(the inherit range took 0.5 for standard),the third group was divided to 3 subgroups at the inherit range was 0.43.Jilin 31,Jilin 35,Jilin 38,and 2002 department selections which were in nearer blood relationship gathered in the same place,they all belong to the varieties of Jilin area.Tong13 and Jilin47 gathered together,too.This illustrated that we could separate the variety which in near blood relationship well with SSR molecule mark technology.Through the correlation analysis on SSR inherit range and the effect of special combining ability,SSR inherit range and hybrid performance,as the same as the heterosis,we discovered that the inherit range of parent and the hybrid performance of 11 properties is irrelevant;the inherit range of parent and the BPH of 11 properties is irrelevant;the inherit range of SSR and SCA is irrelevant too.The inherit range of parent and the MPH of 11 properties has reached extremely notable relevance on the level of 0.01 only on properties of height and proteide,and reached notable negative correlation on the level of 0.05 on single plant pod number,single plant granule number,single plant grain weight and the stem thick.Although it has achieved the remarkable level in partial characters,the correlation coefficient was smaller.Therefore, the inherit range of SSR can differentiate soybean varieties in near blood relationship relations and examinate the heredity difference between varieties,but it is insufficient to forecast the hybrid between the varieties.
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