Study On Community Structure Of Soil Animals In Five Green Spaces Of Urumqi

Soil animals are those live in soil with part or all of their lives, and can make some affect to soil. As the major consumers and special decomposers in the circulation of materials, they make a vital role in the ecosystem. The research areas of soil animals are mostly focused on Central, South and Northeast of China, especially on nature ecosystem, while seldom on urban ecosystem of West of China.The structure of soil animals communities in green spaces of Urumqi is illustrated in this paper. According to《Standard for classification of urban green space》(CJJ/T 85-2002), five categories of green spaces were selected, these are Shuimogou Park as Public Park, the Botanical Garden as Productive Park, green belt near by the South campus Xinjiang University as Green Buffer, South campus Xinjiang University as Attached Green Space, Lvyushan Park as Other Green Space. Soil animals are sampled with 3 sample areas selected in each green space at April, July, and October 2008 respectively by methods of hand-pick and Tullgren, then handled and analyzed in the lab. There are 6 parts in the paper:PartⅠThe profile of the research of soil zoology. Including the research process of this subject in home and abroad, also analyzed the trend of the science.PartⅡThe introduction of nature environmental conditions of studying areas.PartⅢThe main methods of the research on soil animals and soil physical and chemical properties, both indoor and outdoor.PartⅣResults and discusses. (1) By counting the composition of soil animals communities, the distributions of soil animals ar??alyzed in different levels. Also the relationship between soil animals communities and the diversity indexes are discussed. (2) The relation between soil animals communities and environmental parameters are analyzed.PartⅤMajor research conclusions are summarized as follows:(1) The results showed that there were 7320 individuals, which belong to 35 groups, of soil animals distributed in these five green spaces totally, they belong to 4 phyla: Nematoda, Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda, 9 orders and 19 classes.(2) The composition of soil animal communities in three levels.The horizontal distribution of soil animals is different from different green space. Among the individual numbers of soil animals, Shuimogou Park is the most (1982), and then followed by Lvyushan Park (1757), the Botanical Garden (1250), Green Belt (1221), and South Campus Xinjiang University (1110). The sequence of group of soil animals is Lvyushan Park (30), Shuimogou Park (24), Green Belt (23), South Campus Xinjiang University (20), and the Botanical Garden (18).The characteristic of vertical distribution of soil animals decrease with the increasing of soil depth both in the numbers of individuals and groups of soil animals, i.e. individuals and groups have the characteristic of surface assembling. And the characteristic is obvious in Shuimogou Park, South Campus Xinjiang University, and the Botanical Garden by individuals, while obvious in Lvyushan Park and Shuimogou Park by groups.Also both the numbers of individuals and groups are unequal in different seasons, spring>summer>autumn.(3) The diversity index and even degree of soil animals are positive correlation, while negative correlation with the dominant degree. The Shannon-wiener diversity index of Lvyushan Park and Shuimogou Park is the biggest, yet the individuals of soil animals are the most, while the dominant degree of Green Belt and South Campus Xinjiang University is the ??est, yet the individuals of soil animals are the lest.(4) Physical and chemical properties of soil affect soil animals in different degree. Water content and pH value affect the distribution of soil animals mostly, they have a positive correlation, while temperature and organic matters don't have the obvious correlation with the numbers of soil animals communities.