Genetic Transmission Of Quality Traits And Genetic Diversity Analysis In "Aimengniu" And Its Derived Varieties (Lines)

The backbone of wheat is an important resource for the genetics and breeding research of new varieties. In this research, the backbone of China's wheat"Aimengniu"and its derivative varieties (lines) were used to study genetic transmission of quality traits, genetic variation of HMW-GS composition, as well as the1B/1R identification and genetic diversity analysis. The main results were as follows:1. The genetic variation of quality traits in"Aimengniu"and its derivative varieties (lines)The transmission of quality genetic traits of China's wheat"Aimengniu"and its derivative varieties (lines) was analyzed. The results showed that the coefficients of genetic variation of protein contents, whiteness and brightness were lower, while sedimentation volume, b* and wet gluten content were medium, and genetic characteristics of dough were higher. And the coefficient of genetic variation of derivative varieties (lines) is larger than germplasm and significant difference. These indicated the genetic characterisitics were improved by introducing new blood during breeding.The analysis of quality traits showed that significant correlations were detected between protein content and sedimentation value, but significantly negatively correlates with whiteness; sedimentation value positively correlates with a*, w-value, P/L value and b* character, but negatively correlates with wet gluten content; whiteness positively corelates with L*, a* and L, and negatively correlates with b*, hardness, P, P/L value and wet gluten content; Seed hardness negatively correlates with whiteness, L*, and positively correlates with others; Wet gluten content negatively correlates with sedimentation value, a*, P-value, P/L and whiteness.2. The genetic variation of HMW-GS in"Aimengniu"and its derivative varieties (lines)Subunits Null, 1/7+9 and 7+8/2+12 were the mainly subunit compositions in these materials. At Glu-A1 locus, the subunit 1 was in"Aifeng 3"and"Mengxian201", and Neuzucht has Null subunit. There are 1 and N subunit in seven germplasms of"Aimengniu"and 1, N, and 2* in 128 derivative varieties (lines). The subunit of original parent"Aifeng 3","Mengxian201"and Neuzucht is 7+9, 7+8 and 7 at Glu-B1 locus, respectively, Seven"Aimengniu"germplasms have 7+9, 7+8 and 14+15 subunits. 128 derivative varieties (lines) have 7+9, 7+8, 14+15 and 17+18 subunits. At Glu-D1 locus, subunis 2+12 were mainly in three original parents and seven germplasms of Aimengniu, while 128 derivative varieties (lines)have 2+12,5+10,2+10. These illustrated that more and more types of subunits appeared with new HMW-GS's introduced during breeding , which would widen the hereditary basis.3. The 1B/1R identification in"Aimengniu"and its derivative varieties (lines) and the analysia of quality traitsThere were 1BL/1RS in the 86 varieties of 138, which is 62.32% of total number of samples. The reason was speculated that 1BL/1RS transposal contributed significantly to wheat yield. The 1BL/1RS translocation lines appeared in"Aimengniu"germplams except the III type, and the Neuzucht was also 1BL/1RS lines. 1BL/1RS translocation lines was found in 79 varieties of 128 derivative varieties which is 61.72% of total. These indicated that the 1BL/1RS transposal distributed extensively and stablely transferred, which is easy to be utilized in breeding.The variation coefficients of 1BL/1RS translocations forsedimentation volume, wet gluten content, P-value and P/L-value were obviously lower than that of non-1BL/1RS translocation, and the coefficient of variation of hardness was higher than that of non-1BL/1RS translocation. There were no obvious differences in other traits between 1BL/1RS species translocation and varieties of non-1BL/1RS translocation.The average of the quality traits mainly reflect quantitative traits of proteins such as Grain hardness, protein content and wet gluten content were no significant differences between 1BL/1RS species translocation and varieties of non-1BL/1RS translocation, but the average of the quality traits mainly reflect quality traits of proteins such as sedimentation value, P-value, L-value and W-value protein content and wet gluten content were significantly correlations between 1BL/1RS species translocation and varieties of non-1BL/1RS translocation, that is, the gluten quality of 1BL/1RS significantly lower than the varieties of non-1BL/1RS.4. The genetic diversity analysis of"Aimengniu"and its derivative varieties (lines)Genetic diversity analysis of"Aimengniu"and its derivative varieties (lines) were studied by using gliadin mark, and 42 bands were obtained. At least 12 bands were separated in each varieties, most of the varieties contained 14~16 bands, special varieties had and 19 bands. The variation range of 138 varieties is 0~0.84, the average is 0.452. The least GD value of variety 118,119, 86, 87and 88 was 0, and the biggest GD value of variety 92 and 121 was 0.84. The obvious differences among in different varieties were shown by dividing materials into 5 types using UPGMA cluster analysis, which could reflect the genetic variation among the varieties.