Comprehensive Evaluation Of Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality In Huili Tobacco Growing Areas Of Sichuan Province

132 flue-cured tobacco samples (including B2F, C3F, X2F three grades) of Huili tobacco growing area in 2008. The appearance quality, physical properties, chemical components, trace elements, sensory quality and neutral aroma content of the colleted were analyzed;the relationship of smoking sensory quality indicators and other quality indicators were studied;the comprehensive evaluation of tobacco quality were made, Similarity analysis of quality between flue-cured tobacco leaves from Huili and Zimbabwei, the material basis of Huili characteristic tobacco were studied too.The results as followed:1.The maturity of Huili tobacco was high, loosen structure, leave color was orange or lemon, good oil,the comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality was good, but there was a lack in the color and identiey compared with Zimbabwe.The thickness,filling value and equilibrium moisture content of Huili tobacco were appropriate and close to the corresponding parts of Zimbabwe tobacco.The pulling force and stem ratio were higher than Zimbabwe tobacco.The Huili tobacco has high level of water-soluble total sugar and reducing sugar content, and the amount of nicotine was in the range of high-quality tobacco. The ratio of reducing sugar to total nicotine was higher than Zimbabwe flue-cured tobacco, the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine was a little lower than Zimbabwe,but in the range of high-quality tobacco; the potassium content was less than Zimbabwe,the overall chemical components content and coordination was less than Zimbabwe tobacco.Huili tobacco were lack of the content of magnesium and copper, low content of phosphor and potassium, rich content of zincum and an appropriate content of Calcium, boron, chlorine, iron and manganese.The total neutral aroma constituents content and carotenoids degradation products of huili tobacco were higher than Zimbabwe tobacco; the aromatic amino acid degradation products content and cembratriendid products content were closed to Zimbabwe tobacco; Maillard reaction products contents were lower than Zimbabwe tobacco.The score of aroma quality an quantity of Huili tobacco were close to Zimbabwe tobacco;the after taste and offensive odor of Huili tobacco were close to Zimbabwe tobacco;the flammability and ash color of Huili tobacco were equal to Zimbabwe tobacco but has more stimulation than Zimbabwe tobacco. The overall tobacco quality of Huli tobacco was close to Zimbabwe tobacco and the middle-leaves was the most close to Zimbabwe tobacco. 2.The appearance quality of Huili tobacco was quantified and partial correlation analysis was carried out on sensory quality, the result shows that: color was significantly correlated with smoking results.;maturity was significantly correlated with aroma quality and reached the significant level with smoking results;structure was significantly correlated with flammability,ash color and smoking results;identity was significantly correlated with aroma quality, aroma quantity and smoking results;oil was significantly correlated with aroma quality, undesirable taste ,irritancy,smoking results;leaf color intensity was significantly correlated with smoking results.A simple correlation between physical properties and sensory quality was made, results showed that the physical indicators that was measured not reached the significant or highly significant level with smoking results; smoking results was negatively correlated with filling powe,thickness, stem ratio; smoking results was significantly correlated with pulling force,the ratioof equilibrium moisture.The factor analysis of chemical components of Huili tobacco showed that the contribution factor of tobacco quality followed by: Carbon and nitrogen factor> K factor >Cl factor > starch factor.Through the gray relational analysis between chemical components and sensory quality the result showed that Carbon and nitrogen factor has the most impact on smoking results which was made by the score of total nitrogen, nicotine, reducing sugar, total sugar, the ratio of reducing sugar to total nicotine and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine,the second impacting factor was starch factor.The score of grey relational analysis between chemical components and aroma quality followed by:nicotine, starch, total nitrogen, potassium, reducing sugar, the ratio of reducing sugar to total nicotine,the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine.Through the grey relational analysis between neutral aroma substances and sensory quality the results showed category and carotenoids neophytadiene have the highest impact on smoking results. Path analysis showed that, the greater positive effect of nutrients on aroma quality , aroma quantity and smoking result were K and Mg content ,while the greater negative effected of nutrients on aroma quality,aroma quantity and smoking result were Fe and Cl content.3.Through the principal component category of the three parts of Huili tobacco samples with Zimbabwe in the chemical components of total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, starch, potassium and chlorine the result showed that the upper-leaves of Huili have difference with Zimbabwe tobacco in chemical components, among the samples Hongqinange village and Yimengliuhua village were more close to Zimbabwe tobacco.The middle-leaves sample of Tonganminhe site,Tanganyanghe site,Tonganmugu village,Lixijinyu village,Hongqineidong village,Hongqinange village and Yimengyundian village were more close to the middle-leaves of Zimbabwe; The lower-leaves of Lixi village and Yimenyundian village in Huili tobacco production area were more close to Zimbabwe lower-leaves tobacco.The tobacco samples grow at the elevation of 1600-1700m, 1700-1800m and 1900-2000m were more close to the middle-leaves of Zimbabwe tobacco.The principal component analysis of neutral aroma substances between Huili and Zimbabwe upper-leaves showed that the upper leaves of Tonganyanghe site,Lixijinyu village and Linxisanjiachun village were more close to the corresponding part of Zimbabwe tobacco; the middle-leaves of Tonganhaichao village. Tonganminhe site,Lixi village, Yimengliuhua village and Yimenyundian village were more close to Zimbabwe middle-leaves in neutral aroma substances.The lower-leaves of Tonganxinfa village,Lixijinyu village and Hongqiguoyuan village were more close to the corresponding part of Zimbabwe;The middle-leaves in the elevation of 1400-1500m,1500-1600m,1700-1800m and 1900-2000m of Huili were more similar to Zimbabwe tobacco.According to the sensory evaluation score of industral company, the indexes of aroma quality, aroma quantaty and aroma type,which have an important impact on arom features, were selected as a classification basis for tobacco aroma feature.Through a number of discriminant specific variables werer selected as a basis for cantegory that were the armo contribution substances caused the aroma differences of Huili tobacco, and the results showed that when aroma quality was divided into2 categories according to the stepwise discriminatory analysis, 10 specific variables were selected, which were chloride,furfural,furfuryl alcohol, 4-ethyl-2- methoxy-phenol, benzyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol, linalool, 2-acetyl pyrrole, dihydro-Kiwifruit in fat and giant beans gestrinone D, were selected; when aroma quality was divided into 3 categories according to the stepwise discriminatory analysis,2specific variables were selected, which were total sugar, chlorine, furfuryl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, linalool,β-Malaysia ketone and isophorone oxide. when fragrance type was divided into2 categories according to the stepwise discriminatory analysis,K,2-acetyl furan, farnesylacetone, benzyl alcohol, indole, solanone, megastigmatrienone B and 3-oxo-alcohol-α-ionone.Through the multiple discriminant analysismethod of tobacco aroma substances in different altitude of Huili tobacco production area 10 specific variables were found when the aroma quality was divided into 2 categories, which was the aroma contribution substances that caused the aroma differences in different altitude of Huili ,which as followed: chloride, furfural, furfuryl alcohol, 4– ethyl-2-methoxy-phenol, benzyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol, linalool, geranyl acetone, giant beans gestrinone B and giant beans gestrinone D;when aroma quantity was divided into 3 categories according to the stepwise discriminatory analysis, 8 specific variables,total sugar, chlorine, geranyl acetone, benzyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol, linalool, β-Malaysia ketone, isophorone oxidewere selected; when fragrance type was divided into 2 categories according to the stepwise discriminatory analysis, 8 specific variables were selected, which were K, 2 - acetyl furan, Phenylacetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, indole, one eggplant, giant beans Gestrinone B and Malaysia dihydro ketone。5.A comprehensive evaluation was made in a quantitative way to evaluate the tobacco quality of Huli.The result shows: the middle-leaves have the highest appearance quality index and tobacco quality index,followed by the upper-leaves and the lower-leaves have the lowest of the two indexes, the appearance quality index and tobacco quality index of the three parts are all above 0.800 that means the three parts are all in the range of good quality.