| Abstract:In order to evaluate flue-cured tobacco leaves scientifically and comprehensively,and provide cigarette industrial enterprise the theory of usability tobacco leaves,the outlook quality, physical characters,chemical component and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves from Panxi(B2F,C2F,C3F,X2F)in Sichuan province,Brazil and Zimbabwe in 2003-2004 were researched in this paper.To research on quantitative relations on chemical constituents,neutral aroma constituents and smoking results of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Panxi tobacco-growing areas,the authors carried out factor analysis,stepwise regression analysis,partial correlation analysis and path analysis,we have established the evaluation system of tobacco leaves quality and evaluated the tobacco leaves in Panxi tobacco-growing areas comprehensively.The major results were as follows:1 In 2003-2004,the disparity of flue-cured tobacco leaves outlook quality between Panxi in Sichuan province,Brazil and Zimbabwe tobacco-growing areas was getting smaller,and the outlook quality of the some tobacco leaves from Panxi already approached the imported tobacco leaves.In summary,the maturity of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Panxi tobacco-growing areas was better.the mature of flue-cured tobacco leaves was smaller,the premature of flue-cured tobacco leaves was nearly vanished,and most of flue-cured tobacco leaves was mature.The majority of flue-cured tobacco leaves color was the orange or the deep orange,the minority of flue-cured tobacco leaves color was the slight orange or the lemon,micro-blue phenomenon of flue-cured tobacco leaves color was eliminated basically,and frontage and reverse of flue-cured tobacco leaves color intensity was almost.The body of tobacco leaves was moderate,the organizational structure of tobacco leaves was loose,and the difference between upper leaves,cutters and lower leaves was small.The oil and color intensity of tobacco leaves were improved gradually,The outlook quality of cutters from Puge,Dechang,Huidong,Rerthe,Yanbian and Huili approached the outlook quality of tobacco leaves from Brazil and Zimbabwe.2 In 2003-2004,the physical characters of flue-cured tobacco leaves from Panxi tobacco-growing areas in Sichuan province were moderate,the average length of Panxi was as follows:upper leaves＞cutters＞lower leaves.The average length difference of different spot tobacco leaves was small.The tobacco approximated tubular and grew reasonably.The average length of upper leaves,cutters and lower leaves from Panxi was longer than the imported tobacco leaves',yet The average width of upper leaves and cutters from Panxi approached or exceeded the average width of tobacco leaves from Brazil and Zimbabwe,but The average width of lower leaves from Panxi was smaller than the imported tobacco leaves'.The average thickness and weight pre-square measure of upper leaves from Panxi were higher than the imported tobacco leaves'.The average equilibrium moisture content of tobacco leaves from Panxi was higher than the imported tobacco leaves',but the average filling power of tobacco leaves from Panxi was smaller than the imported tobacco leaves'.The higher equilibrium moisture content and longer length of tobacco leaves from Panxi were obvious characteristic.In summary,the physical characters of tobacco leaves from Puge(upper leaves,cutters),Yanbian(upper leaves,cutters), Ningnan(cutters,lower leaves),Miyi(cutters)and Renhe(cutters)already approached the quality of tobacco leaves from Brazil and Zimbabwe.3 The results showed that the average content of total sugar,reducing sugar and starch from Panxi were higher than the imported tobacco leaves'.Yet the average content of Cl- from Panxi was smaller than the imported tobacco leaves'.The average content of chemical components from Panxi was good.In 2003,the total sugar content of tobacco leaves from Panxi was higher than Brazil tobacco leaves'.The total sugar content of cutters from Panxi was higher than Zimbabwe tobacco leaves',but the total sugar content of upper leaves and lower leaves from Panxi was smaller than Zimbabwe tobacco leaves'.The starch content,the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine and the ratio of total sugar to total nicotine from Panxi were higher than the imported tobacco leaves', yet the ratio of total sugar to reducing sugar,total nitrogen,K+,Cl- and the ratio of K+ to Cl- were smaller than the imported tobacco leaves'.In 2004,the content of the total sugar,the reducing sugar,the starch,the total nicotine of upper leaves and cutters from Panxi were higher the content of tobacco leaves from Brazil and Zimbabwe.The K+ and Cl- content of tobacco leaves from Panxi were smaller than the imported tobacco leaves',yet the content of SO42-of tobacco leaves from Panxi was higher the imported tobacco leaves'.The results of cluster analysis to the chemical components showed that Dechang(B2F,C3F), Pugeng(B2F,X2F),Mianning(B2F,C3F),Huili(B2F),Yanbian(B2F),Sanming(C3F),Guiyang (C3F),Brazil(BO1S)and Zimbabwe(L2MT)were most similar.The results of factor analysis to the chemical components showed that 4 common factors had obtained and the ratio of 4 common factors was behalf of 90.03%of all the chemical components.The results of correlation between the chemical components and smoking quality of tobacco leaves showed that factor 1 was related to concentration of aroma positively,and factor 1 was related to the gray of tobacco leaves negatively.The flammability and gray of tobacco leaves was related to factor 2 positively,and factor 2 was related to smoking total scores negatively.Factor 3 was related to the irritancy of tobacco leaves positively.Factor 4 was related to quality of aroma of tobacco leaves negatively.4 To research on the neutral aroma constituents of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Panxi tobacco-growing areas,the authors carried out GC/MS.The results showed that 37 constituents of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Panxi in 2003 were determined,including 31 important neutral aroma constituents.At the same time,34 constituents of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Panxi in 2004 were determined,including 30 important neutral aroma constituents.These neutral aroma constituents of flue-cured tobacco leaves were divided into 5 kinds including the degrading products of hypoglycemia compounds,the browning reactions,the cembratriendid compounds,the degrading products of carotene and the neophytadiene by their own precursors.For 5 kinds of neutral aroma constituents,the content of the neophytadiene was highest,the following were the degrading products of carotene,the cembratriendid compounds,the browning reactions,and the content of the degrading products of hypoglycemia compounds were less.Yet the average content of the neophytadiene,the degrading products of hypoglycemia compounds and the browning reactions of tobacco leaves from Panxi was higher than the content of tobacco leaves from Brazil and Zimbabwe.The average content of the degrading products of carotene of tobacco leaves from Panxi was smaller than the imported tobacco leaves'.The average content of the degrading products of carotene of tobacco leaves from Panxi was smaller than Zimbabwe tobacco leaves' and higher than Brazil tobacco leaves'.The results of cluster analysis to the neutral aroma constituents showed that Dechang(B2F, C3F,X2F),Renhe(C3F,X2F),Xichang(C3F,X2F),Puge Yunyan 85(B2F,C3F),Nanxiong (C3F),Ningnan(C3F),Miyi(C3F),Sanming(C3F),Guiyang(C3F),Yuxi(C3F),Brazil(BO1S) and Zimbabwe(L2MT)were most similar.The stepwise regression analysis between the neutral aroma constituents and the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Panxi tobacco-growing areas was researched in this paper. The result shows that 6 regression models of quality of aroma,concentration of aroma,offensive taste,aftertaste,irritancy,smoking total scores and neutral aroma constituents of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Panxi were established,and all of their correlations were significant at 1%level. Therefore we can forecast the sensory quality according to the neutral aroma constituents of flue-cured tobacco leaves.The results of partial correlation analysis and path analysis between the neutral aroma constituents and the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Panxi tobacco-growing areas bowed that the direct influence on neutral aroma constituents to quality of aroma,concentration of aroma,offensive taste,aftertaste,irritancy,smoking total scores was various.The most direct influence to the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves was from the dissolutions of carotene the following was from the browning reactions,and the less direct influence was from the cembratriendid compounds,the degrading products of hypoglycemia compounds and the neophytadiene.The opposite direct influence from the alkanes and some of aldehydes was better, and the opposite direct influence from some of the dissolutions of carotene and the browning reactions was less.5 In 2003,the total scores of the sensory quality from upper leaves,cutters,lower leaves in Panxi were 77.7,82.3 and 81.8.In 2004,total scores of the sensory quality from upper leaves, cutters and lower leaves in Panxi were 78.6,81.3 and 77.4.The total scores of the sensory quality from Brazil(BO1S)and Zimbabwe(L2MT)were 82 and 87.In brief,the quality of aroma and concentration of aroma of tobacco leaves in Panxi were better.The burnt sweet fragrant of tobacco leaves was prominent.The offensive taste of tobacco leaves was lighter.The irritancy was less. The aftertaste of tobacco leaves was cleaner.The whole sensory quality was quite balanced,the sensory quality of some of tobacco leaves from Panxi was better,yet their sensory quality still were lower than the imported tobacco leaves'.The results of cluster analysis to the sensory quality showed that Dechang(X2F),Xichang (B2F,C3F,X2F),Yanbian(B2F),Mianning(C3F),Huili(B2F,C3F,X2F),Miyi(B2F,C3F), Ningnan(B2F,C3F,X2F),Puge Yunyan 85(C3F),Huidong Hongda(B2F,C3F),Guiyang(C3F), Longyan(C3F),Nanxiong(C3F),Brazil(BO1S)and Sanming(C3F)were most similar.The sensory quality of tobacco leaves from Yanbian(X2F),Yuxi(X2F)and Zimbabwe(L2MT)was most similar.6 The quality scores of tobacco leaves in Panxi was dispersible,therefore the quality usability of tobacco leaves from different Panxi tobacco-growing areas were own superiority.The quality scores of tobacco leaves in Panxi were 50～70 and 70～90,the variation of the quality index from the different spot tobacco leaves was less.The whole quality index of cutters was highest,and it was 78.5.The following quality index was upper leaves,and it was 73.8.The quality index of lower leaves was lest,and it was 67.9.In a word,The comprehensive quality of tobacco leaves in Panxi was better,and their industry usability were higher,however,the whole quality of tobacco leaves in Panxi were slightly lower than Brazil and Zimbabwe tobacco leaves'.Only 8 tobacco leaves samples of the quality index in Panxi were higher than Brazil tobacco leaves'.8 tobacco leaves samples were Puge,Huidong,Ningnan,Miyi,Huili and Yanbian of cutters,Miyi of upper leaves and Yanbian of lower leaves,but the quality index of all tobacco leaves samples were lower than Zimbabwe tobacco leaves'.In brief,the results of analysis to the outlook quality,physical characters,chemical component and sensory quality of upper leaves,cutters and lower leaves from Panxi tobacco-growing areas in 2003 and 2004 showed that the outlook quality of majority of tobacco leaves from Panxi was better,the physical characters were moderate,the chemical components were coordinated,the contents of neutral aroma constituents were higher,the whole sensory quality were better,and the industry usability of tobacco leaves were higher.Generally speaking, the quality usability of fire-cured tobacco leaves from Panxi tobacco-growing areas was better, some of tobacco leaves' quality was close to Brazil tobacco leaves',but their quality was lower than Zimbabwe tobacco leaves'.
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