Effects Of Fertilization Quantity And Planting Density On Population Quality,Grain Yield And Quality In Winter Wheat Under The Conditions Of High Fertility

Under field conditions, Yumai 49-198 of semi-winter varieties and multi-panicle was selected as the trial material, two factor randomized block experimental design was used to study effects of fertilization quantity and planting density on population quality,photosynthetic characteristics,grain yield,quality and use and absorption of fertilizer of wheat under the conditions of high fertilization.The main findings are as follows:1 Effects of fertilization quantity and planting density on the Population Quality of a high-yielding wheatFertilization quantity and planting density affected more or less the indexes of population quality,The effect of fertilization quantity and planting density on the total stem number was significant during the whole growing period.The effect of fertilization quantity on the total stem numble during the whole growing period showed that,firstly increased then decreased and increased with the increaseing of planting density. the total stem numble dealde in N2M2 was highest,that was 574.43万/hm2.Dynamics of dry matter accumulation showed an upward trend in the S-type,and dry matter accumulation had a rapid increase after booting,At maturity, the highest quantity of dry matter accumulation and dry matter accumulation after anthesis by dealing with the different treatments was N2M2,and which were 21361.45 kg/hm2 and 4692.20 kg/hm2 respectively. Different treatment of the leaf area index showed single-peak curve,the maximum in the booting stage, and the largest leaf area was N2M2 for the 7.91,compared to the different treatments, the leaf area index on 20 day after anthesis was higher.when the biggst leaf area index was similar on the same fertilization quantity,the yield of treatment which grain-leaf ratio was high was too high,when the biggst LAI was similar on the different fertilization quantity,the yield of treatment which grain-leaf ratio was high was too high.2 The effect of fertilization quantity and planting density on photosynthetic characteristics of a wheatThe dynamics of Pn,SPAD value,soluble protein and LAD after anthesis were similar for fertilization quantity and planting density,anthesis stage was all in the maximum.the effect of fertilization quantity on Pn showed that Pn of Non-fertilization was significantly lower than the level of other fertilization,Pn of peak with fertilization quantity 405kg/hm2 were highest,and still remained higher in the late growing stage.Suitable fertilizer and medium-density were in favor of the synthesis of chlorophyll and increase LAD which laid the foundation for dry matter accumulation after anthesis;high soluble protein content of flag leaf in the starting point was medium or low density density under different fertilizer levels, but low density decreased fast in the late filling.Therefore appropriate fertilization while increasing density at the same time is in favor of flag leaf after anthesis peak of soluble protein content to enhance and extend the peak.3 Effect of fertilization quantity and planting density on Grain yield and the three yield components of a wheatThe effect of fertilization quantity on the grain yield and three yield components of winter wheat was significant.During the fertilization quantity period in the experiment,compared with control,increasing fertilizer significantly improved wheat grain yield,spike number per hectare and kernels per ear,the increase was 18.82%～49.39%,9.37%～34.53% and 6.37%～27.33% respectively;1000-grain weight with increasing fertilizer was a downward trend and the deal with the discrepancy was less,Coefficient of variation was 3.11%; spike number per hectare play the highest role in three yield components of winter wheat. planting density on grain yield,spike number per hectare and kennels per spike were significant,but not significant on 1000-grain weight.With the increase of the density spike number per hectare was M2> M3> M1,meanwhile M2 and M3 were not significant;kennels per spike and 1000-grain weight decreased with the increasing of density,1000-grain weight of which deal with different densities was not significant,and its coefficient of variation was 0.72%,but kennels per spike was significant and its coefficient of variation was 4.99%; the interactions of fertilization quantity and planting density on grain yield and spike number per hectare were significant,The grain yield of the treatments N0M1,N1M2,N2M2 ,N3M3 and N4M1 were the highest among different density treatments, which M2N2 (grain production 8184.001kg/hm2) was the highest yield.4 The effect of fertilization quantity and planting density on quality of a wheat Fertilization quantity and planting density affected quality. During the fertilization quantityperiod,increasing fertilization amoun could decrease amylose and the ratio of amylose and amylopectin,And continue to increase have improved;but increasing planting density could decrease starch content of grains, amylose and the ratio of amylose and amylopectin.The effect of fertilization quantity on amylose and the ratio of amylose and amylopectin was higher and which coefficient of variation was 6.07% and 10.42%;the effect of planting density on the starch and starch components in grain was smaller and which coefficient of variation was among 0.46%～3.37%;the main parameters of pasting properties were peak viscosity,hold viscosity and final viscosity which were opposite to the trend of amylose and the ratio of amylose and amylopectin in different fertilization quantity and planting density.Correlation analysis showed that amylose and the ratio of amylose and amylopectin indicated significantly negative correlation with peak viscosity,hold viscosity and final viscosity.grain protein content,wet gluten content,zeleny and hardness showed a trend to enhance with increasing fertilization quantity appropriatly,and continue to increase fertilizer but is not conducive to the improvement of wheat grain quality; grain protein content,wet gluten content,Zeleny and hardness firstly increased with the increasing of planting density and then decreased.falling was "W"type distribution trends with the increase of the fertilization quantity and density,fertilization quantity 270kg/hm2 was closest to the ideal value;the effect of fertilization quantity and planting density on fiber was smaller,Coefficient of variation was 0.33% and 0.23% respectively. Correlation analysis showed that protein indicated significantly negative correlation with starch(r=-0.977),protein indicated significantly positive correlation with wet gluten content,zeleny and hardnes(sr=0.997,0.721 and 0.856 respectively ). protein indicated non-significantly positive correlation with fiber(r=0.551)and non-significantly negative correlation with falling(r=-0.109).That exist in the effect of suitable fertilization quantity and planting density on the the flour end-use quality of flour.Appropriatly increasing planting density,the formation of dough properties,stability characteristics and tensile properties have been gradually improved;compared with control,increasing fertilization quantity significantly improved the formation of flour and tensile properties,This indicates that the effect of fertilization quantity and planting density on the processing quality of flour exist ininteraction. Correlation analysis showed that the formation time indicated significantly positive correlation with stable time fiber;the formation time and stable time indicated significantly negative correlation with weakness,tensile curve area was significantly or very significantly positive correlation with the tensile resistance,the extension,the largest tensile resistance and proportion of the tensile among the tensile parameters.Wheat quality integrated effect of fertilizer and density, we can see that increasing fertilization quantity can improve the quality of wheat on the basis of appropriate density.5 the effect of fertilization quantity and planting density on N ,P and K uptake character and fertilizer use efficiency of a wheatThe results showed that phosphorus and potassium content of grains were a downward trend with increasing fertilization quantity,and the both of them had smaller differencesin the different fertilization quantity treatments;Grain nitrogen content had complex changes with increasing fertilization quantity,at a relatively low fertilization quantity, increasing the level of NPK fertilizer inputs moderatly will be beneficial to improve grain nitrogen content,and continuing to raise the quantity of fertilizer is not conducive to improve grain nitrogen accumulation and quality. phosphorus and potassium content was a downward trend with increasing density,but nitrogen content was M3>M1>M2;Correlation analysis showed that grain nitrogen content indicated significantly positive correlation with protein(r=0.931*) and non-significantly negative correlation with grain yield(r=-0.217).Compared with the non-fertilizer,increasing the fertilizer can significantly improve the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the grain and straw. absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium dealde in N2 was highest,which was a downward trend if continuing to increase fertilizer.Correlation analysis showed that grain yield indicated significantly positive correlation with absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium dealde at maturity( r=0.985,0.968 and 0.985 respectively),protein indicated significantly positive correlation with absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus (r=0.088和0.076 respectively)and non-significantly negative correlation with potassium(r=-0.051). Absorption of potassium in the straw was linearly increasing with fertilization quantity increased;the effect of different density on absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were similar to the trend in addition and planting density M2 was the highest.This show that the density which is too high or too low are not conducive to the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in grain.And harvest index of N, Pand Kfertilization had a downward trend with increasing fertilization quantity and density nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium agronomy utilization rate increased with increasing fertilization quantity on the same planting density, which was a downward trend if continuing to increase fertilizer;grain yield and N, P and K from the utilization of nutrients were considered, fertilization quantity is appropriate between the 270 kg/hm2～540 kg/hm2,but if continuing to increase fertilization quantity, grain yield and nutrient utilization is relatively lower.6,the effect of fertilization quantity on water use efficiency of a wheatCompared with control,increased fertilizer significantly improved consumption in whole growing stage;water use efficiency increased with the increasing of fertilization quantity and then decreased ,which N2 was the highestwater use efficiency and reached to 22.28kg/(mm·hm2).