| Konjac, one of perennial herbs of Amorphophallus Blume in Araceae in Monocotyledoeae, are mainly located in India, Indo-China Peninsula, South China (mostly in Yuannan province) and Southeast Asia.21 species of them have been discovered and named in China,9 of which are endemic to China and mostly found in the mountains and plateau areas to the south of the Qinling Mountain. Through our study on konjac germplasm resources collected at home and abroad, we try to classify the resources' character, identify morphological and ISSR markers, examine their genetic relationship and clarify their taxonomic status. Furthermore, we could initially develop the basic criterion for description and terms of konjac plant, which may provide theoretical basis for the preservation, protection and utilization of Konjac germplasm resources in China. The study found that:1, We are the first to classify 79 konjac germplasm resources collected at home and abroad,64 of which have been identified, while others have not. By using the method of morphological identification, we analyzed morphological traits of the test materials. At the same time, Q cluster analysis was used in this study. To facilitate analysis, the level combined line was labeled on the tree line diagram. When the level combined line L (D= 11.00) to 79 Konjac materials were divided into 6 categories.2, Through the analysis of konjac germplasm ISSR reaction system, optimal annealing temperature of every primer and the cycles for ISSR-PCR reaction, a suitable ISSR reaction system was established, which was named 25ul reaction system containing 1×PCR buffer,2.5ul MgCl2, 200umol/LdNTPs,1.25UTaq DNA polymerase,0.5umol/L primer,20ng template DNA and 16.7ul ddH2O.The used amplification program was:94℃for 5min; followed by forty cycles:94℃for 1min,50℃-55℃(every primer had different annealing temperature) for 1min; and 72℃for 70s with a final elongation step of 72℃for 7min; stored at 4℃.with optimum reaction system, we amplify the 49 Amorphophallus germplasm resources. The study shows the similarity coefficient is between 0.68-1.00 among various germ plasm, which means there is no big differences among konjac material. When the level of genetic similarity obtained D=0.80, the tested 49 konjac material clearly divided into 5 clusters.3, Taking A.albus, A.konjac, A.krausei, A.bulbifer and material 64 as objects,we test and observe some physiological and biochemical index:bulbil water content, glucomannan content, flesh color, corm profile texture and color of dried konjac slices. The result indicates that A.albus and A.konjac have a higher bulbil water content and glucomannan content, whiter flesh color, finer texture and better color of dried konjac slices. All of these showed that A.albus and A.konjac have the best comprehensive quality; followed by A.krausei; the last one was material 64.4, Through systematical observation and analysis of flowering habits and characters of four species of Amorphophallus, we found that:the earliest flowering specie is A.konjac and its blooming duration is the shortest, followed by A. yunnanensis and A. albus. In addition, A.krausei has the latest flowering time and the longest flowering period. The study also found that the subsidiary of A. yunnanensis attract pollinating bees with their flavor. Through comparing and analyzing the morphological characters of Konjac flower organ, several kinds of interspecific differ from each other, such as the shape of spathe, the shape of appendix, whether neutral organs, the odor produced by appendix and fruit color of full ripe stage. The intraspecific characters of Konjac flower organ perform stably except for several difference in the mottling and the colors of peduncle and appendix.5, Referring to the traits description of existing konjac resources in China and the traits observation of the collected resources, we initially addressed the basic criterion for description and terms of konjac resources; Meanwhile, we could provide theoretical basis for the DUS test guidelines. The study found that there are 33 testing traits of Konjac germplasm, which can be divided into 14 Should-Be-Measured characters and 19 Supporting characters.
|
PDF Full Text Request