Effects Of Cultivation Methodson Population Structure Characteristics And Yield And Quality Of Maize In Cold Region

The experiment was studied in Anda corn planting institute of Daqing branch, Heilongjiang academy of agricultural sciences in 2007～2009, and studied the affect of cultivation methods of high yield and the different fertilizer density combinations for maize population structure characteristics, yield and quality.The results are as follows:1. Study on the maize of cold region in "II1465" cultivation methods and the traditional ridge planting cultivation methods in different planting density, the changes of community structure character of maize. The results showed as follows: compared "II1465" Cultivation methods with the traditional cultivation methods in the same planting density, the ear and the ear above the angle of leaf and stem was lower than the traditional ridge planting cultivation; ear below was higher than the traditional ridge planting cultivation; the whole plant level of leaf orientation values were always higher. Cultivation methods and planting density had little effects on the plant height of maize, the stem diameter decreased gradually with the increase of planting density. The stem diameter in "II1465" cultivation methods should always be higher than the traditional ridge planting cultivation. The stem diameter led to significant increase(P<0.05)in 80 and100 thousand plants/hm2. LAI had little differences in low planting density. In high density planting, LAI of "II1465" cultivation methods reduced slow in late birth,showed"prompted rapidly,stabilize,descended slowly"a good community structure character. The all levels of PAR of "II1465" cultivation methods were higher than the traditional ridge planting culture, it was significant in high density planting.2. Two cultivation methods showed different of photosynthesis in different planting density. The transpiration rate and photosynthtic rate of maize Canopies leaves showed a single peak curve in the whole growth stage. The photosynthtic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were"M"type for diurnal variation,"Ⅱ1465"cultivation methods was high than conventional ridge cultivation methods in photosynthtic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and cloropbyll content.3. Study on the maize of cold region in "II1465" cultivation methods and the traditional ridge planting cultivation methods, the changes of microecosystem in rhizosphere. The results showed as follows: compared "II1465" cultivation methods with the traditional cultivation methods, the soil bulk density were lower than the traditional ridge planting by 2.4%, 3.1%, 1.39% in 0~10 cm, 10~20 cm, 20~30 cm top soil; the increase of porosity by5.9%,8.33%,2.08%; The soil temperature changed faster. The soil water content led to significant increase(P<0.05).During the growth period activities of soil urease, catalase, invertase, phosphatase were higher than traditional ridge planting cultivation methods.4. The different treatments for plant dry matter weight were significant in cultivation methods, fertilization and planting density interaction. By Logist equation fitting, the maximum dry matter accumulation rate of"Ⅱ1465"cultivation methods was higher than traditional ridge planting cultivation methods, the grain filling rate significantly improved, and the time of the maximum dry matter accumulation rate was earlier than traditional ridge planting cultivation methods.5. The corn quality of harvest was different for different fertilizer and density treatment in two cultivation methods. The crude protein content of maize grain gradually decreased by increasing planting density, and firstly increased and then decreased by increasing nitrogen application. The starch content of maize grain firstly increased and then decreased by increasing planting density and nitrogen application. The crude fat content decreased by increasing planting density, and increased by increasing nitrogen application. The crude protein content, starch content and crude fat content for"Ⅱ1465"cultivation methods gradually increased in harvest.6. The different fertilizer and density treatment in two cultivation methods impacted the yield traits. In"Ⅱ1465"cultivation methods, the 330 kg/hm2 of nitrogen application and 80 thousand/hm2 of planting density were the best combination of fat density, the yield reached 13856.30kg/hm2; In the conventional ridge cultivation methods, the 210 kg/hm2 of nitrogen application and 60 thousand/hm2 of planting density were the best combination of fat density, the yield reached 12220.64kg/hm2; The yield for"Ⅱ1465"cultivation methods increased 13.25% than the conventional ridge cultivation methods.