| Experiment 1 Effects of Nano-CuO on the Production Performance and the Biochemical indices in SPF ChikensTo study the effects of nano-CuO on the production performance and the biochemical indices in SPF chickens, one hundred and five one-day-old White Leghorn SPF chickens were divided into 7 groups randomly. The first group was fed with basal diet. The diets of groups 2,3 and 4 were added with Cu 8 mg/kg in the form of CuSO4, CuO and nano-CuO, respectively. The diets of groups 5,6 and 7 were added with Cu 175 mg/kg in the form of CuSO4, CuO and nano-CuO, respectively. The results showed that the average daily gain of chickens fed the diets added Cu 175 mg/kg in form of CuSO4, CuO and nano-CuO and added Cu 8 mg/kg in form of nano-CuO were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05,). The average daily gain of chickens fed the diets added Cu 8 mg/kg in form of nano-CuO was significantly higher than added CuSO4 and CuO on the 30th day(P<0.05). The ratio of feed to gain in the nano-CuO group was lower than the CuSO4 and CuO groups. The CuZn-SOD, CP, MAO and CCO activity of plasma in the CuSO4, CuO and nano-CuO groups as added Cu 175 mg/kg were significantly higher than the control group and the CuSO4, CuO and nano-CuO groups as added Cu 8 mg/kg in the diet (P<0.05). The CuZn-SOD, CP, MAO and CCO activity of plasma in the nano-CuO group was significantly higher than the CuSO4 and CuO groups as added Cu 8 mg/kg and 175 mg/kg in the diet (P<0.05). Results suggest that compared with CuSO4 and CuO, when SPF chickens are fed with nano-CuO-supplemented diets, the production performance and the CuZn-SOD, CP, MAO and CCO activity of plasma increase significantly. Nano-CuO has better biological effects than CuSO4 and CuO.Experiment 2 Effects of Nano-CuO on the Contents of Copper and Zinc in whole Blood and Tissue in SPF ChikensTo study the effects of nano-CuO on the copper and zinc content of whole blood and tissue in SPF chickens, one hundred and five one-day-old White Leghorn SPF chickens were divided into 7 groups randomly. The first group was fed with basal diet. The diets of groups 2,3 and 4 were added with Cu 8 mg/kg in form of CuSO4, CuO and nano-CuO, respectively. The diets of groups 5,6 and 7 were added with Cu 175 mg/kg in form of CuSO4, CuO and nano-CuO, respectively. The results showed that the copper contents of whole blood, liver, tibia, proventriculus and duodenum of chickens fed the diets added Cu 175 mg/kg in form of CuSO4, CuO and nano-CuO were significantly higher than the control group and added Cu 8 mg/kg in form of CuSO4, CuO and nano-CuO (P<0.05). The copper contents of whole blood, liver and tibia of chickens fed the diets added nano-CuO were significantly higher than added CuSO4 and CuO, the copper content of proventriculus and duodenum of chickens fed the diets added the CuSO4 were significantly higher than added the CuO and nano-CuO (P<0.05). The zinc content in duodenum of chickens fed the diets added Cu 175 mg/kg in form of nano-CuO were significantly higher than CuSO4. The zinc content of whole blood and liver in chickens fed the diets added nano-CuO were significantly higher than added CuSO4 and CuO on the 20th day (P<0.05). The zinc content in tibia of chickens fed the diets added Cu 175 mg/kg in form of CuSO4 and CuO were significantly lower than added nano-CuO, the control group and added Cu 8 mg/kg in form of CuSO4, CuO and nano-CuO; the zinc content of whole blood of chickens fed the diets added nano-CuO was significantly higher than added CuSO4 and CuO on the 30th day (P<0.05). Results suggest that the nano-CuO is more easier absorbed in the duodenum, compared with CuSO4 and CuO. The antagonistic effect of the nano-CuO on zinc absord is lower than CuSO4 and CuO. In the duodenum, the nano-CuO is absorbed in form of nano-CuO particle instead of Cu2+.Experiment 3 Effects of Nano-CuO on the CP mRNA expression of liver in SPF ChikensTo study the effects of nano-CuO on the CP mRNA expression of liver in SPF chickens, one hundred and five one-day-old White Leghorn SPF chickens were divided into 7 groups randomly. The first group was fed with basal diet. The diets of groups 2,3 and 4 were added with Cu 8 mg/kg in the form of CuSO4, CuO and nano-CuO, respectively. The diets of groups 5,6 and 7 were added with Cu 175 mg/kg in the form of CuSO4, CuO and nano-CuO, respectively. Extracted the total RNA of liver in SPF chickens, and reversed into cDNA on the 10th,20th and 30th day, A pair of primers were designed according to the CP mRNA of chickens in GenBank, and real-time PCR assay was established for detection of CP mRNA expression by identifying the specific of Primers, drawing standard curves, the sensitivity and repeatability of the assay were determined by detection in SPF chickens liver on the bases ofβ-actin as internal reference gene. The results showed that two standard curves of CP andβ-actin gene had a linear feature and their R values were both above 0.99. In addition, the melting curve analysis showed a single peak. The detected limit reached 106 copies per microlitre. The CP mRNA expression in liver of chickens fed the diets added Cu 8 mg/kg in form of nano-CuO was significantly higner than added CuSO4 and CuO. The CP mRNA expression in liver of chickens fed the diets added Cu 175 mg/kg in form of nano-CuO and CuSO4 were significantly higher than added CuO on the 10th day.The CP mRNA expression in liver of chickens fed the diets added Cu 175 mg/kg in form of nano-CuO were significantly higher than added CuO on the 20th day and significantly higher than added CuSO4 and CuO on the 30th day. Compared with CuSO4 and CuO, when SPF chickens are fed with nano-CuO-supplemented diets, the hepatic CP mRNA expression can significantly increase. |
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