| The flowering of higher plants is the central process in the development of the individual plant. The history of the higher plants is affected by flowering development directly. As for the fruit trees and other woody years plant, there is some practical significance that shorten the juvenile phase and accelerate bloom of seedlings. Apple(Malus domestica Borkh.)is one of the most important fruit trees in the world. Fruit buds of apple are mixed (i.e. contain both vegetative and floral structures) and to take shape on the year before blossom and bear fruit. There is a high nutritional value and economic value in apples, but it is differcult in contral the floral buds formed and the yield is reduced by poor management easily. Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill ) is a precious germplasm resources originated from China and a kind of important and specific fruit trees in China. With the growth of the jujube flower buds, the flower bloomed in the year. There is a short juvenile phase in the Chinese jujube. Whether seedling or grafted seedlings, the flower bud of the jujube blossomed the year after planting. Therefore, there is an important significance that study the Chinese jujube of the flowering mechanism for shortening breeding cycle and artificial controlled blossom. In this experiment, the gene related to floral bud differentiation(AFL1, AFL2, MdAP1 and MdTFL1 gene in'Fuji'apple trees and AP1-like gene, LFY-like gene in'Pozao')were analyzed to determine the relationship between floral bud formation and floral gene expression by RT-PCR . Results were as follows:1. With comparison, it has been found that modified-SDS method is suitable for RNA extraction from single apple bud and the Chinese jujube flower bud. More and high quality of RNA is obtained by this method.2. According to the reportes about highly conserved sequence of apple trees, pear trees or the other woody years plants and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the proper primers were designed by primer premier 5.0 and oligo 6.0 software. A suitable RT-PCR system for the gene abort flower development has been established. After optimizing the PCR conditions, the optimal annealing temperature was obtained by our study.The optimal annealing temperature in the gene of'Fuji'were AFL1,AFL2,59℃; MdTFL1,52℃,MdAP1,52℃. And in the'Pozao', LFY-like gene and AP1-like gene at 56℃and 52℃were the optimal annealing temperature.3. In'Fuji'and'Pozao', RT-PCR was used to obtain the homologous genes fragment related to flower development. The homologous genes fragment was sequenced by"Sangon". And landing the NCBI website (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/) to analysis the sequence using BLAST. Put the nucleotide sequence translated into amino acid sequence. And using the DNAMAN software to align the sequencees. Extremely high homology has been found with the genes related to flower development which reported in other plants.4.Time and space expression patterns were determined which about flower development genes of'Fuji'and'Pozao'. The expression of TFL1 disappread in the period of AFL1 and AFL2 expressed. Meanwell, the MdAP1 gene was activated by the AFL1 and AFL2 genes. In'Pozao', LFY-like and AP1-like gene were expressed in the bud.
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