Effects Of Soybean Saponins And Soybean Isoflavones On Growth, Physiology And Intestinal Health Of Allogynogentic Silver Crucian Carp

This study included two tests, respectively, revealed the effects of soybean saponins and soybean isoflavones on growth, physiology and histology of Allogynogentic silver crucian carp.Test one: Take Fish meal for the main protein source, fish oil for fat source, corn and wheat for carbohydrate source and compounded them into the basal diet which included 53.8% crude protein and 18.1% crude fat. Dubbed five kinds of experimental diets which we respectively added 0.08%, 0.16%, 0.24%, 0.48% and 0.72% soybean saponins to the basal diet.The another diet contained 30% soybean meal. Allogynogentic silver crucian carp (14.0±0.6g) were fed for 70 days in the indoor experiment model of traditional with the seven diets. Randomly assigned, each diet fed four tanks, and three times a day up to satiation level. After feeding, anaesthetized and analysed the specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency, body composition, serum biochemical markers, non-specific immune defense force, liver and pancreas function, and intestinal histological structure, and so on. The results show that: With the added dietary soybean saponins levels increased, the growth of Allogynogentic silver crucian carp performance of a downward trend. When the dietary soybean saponins added level reached 0.72%, the specific growth rate of Allogynogentic silver crucian carp was significantly lower than the groups of 0.08% and 0.16% soybean saponins, FCR was significantly higher than the groups of 0.08%, 0.16% and 0.48% soybean saponins, and PER was significantly lower than the groups of fish meal and 0.08% soybean saponins. The group of 0.72% soybean saponins of Allogynogentic silver crucian carp,s midgut and hindgut had occurred pathological changes. The mucosal folds were shorter, the muscle was thinner, the epithelial cell was disorder and a large number of lymphocytes irrupted. The phenomenon was consistent with the soybean meal group. And the erythrocyte fragility of the group of Allogynogenetic silver crucian carp reduced 0.08. The serum SOD of 0.16% soybean saponins was significantly higher than the groups of fish meal and soybean meal. The content of serum glucose of 0.16%, 0.24% and 0.72% soybean saponins was significantly lower than the groups of fish meal and soybean meal. The hindgut AKP activity of 0.72% soybean saponins was significantly higher than the group of fish meal and soybean meal. The body index, body composition, liver and pancreas function, serum lipid composition and intestinal maltase activity of all groups of Allogynogentic silver crucian carp were not significantly different. So the negative effects of feeding Allogynogentic silver crucian carp with soybean meal to replace fish meal may be related to soybean saponins.Test two: Take Fish meal for the main protein source, fish oil for fat source, corn and wheat for carbohydrate source and compounded them into the basal diet which included 53.8%crude protein and 18.1% crude fat. Dubbed eight kinds of experimental diets which we respectively added 0.045%, 0.09%, 0.18%, 0.36% and 0.72% soybean isoflavones and 0.4%ISO+0.15%SS, 0.15%ISO+0.4%SS and 0.25%ISO+0.25%SS to the basal diet. Another diet contained 30% soybean meal. Allogynogentic silver crucian carp (9.5±0.4g) were fed for 120 days in the indoor experiment model of traditional with the ten diets. Randomly assigned, each diet fed five tanks, and three times a day up to satiation level. After feeding,anaesthetized and analysed the specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency, body composition, serum biochemical markers, intestinal histological structure and intestinal flora, and so on. The results show that with the added dietary soybean isoflavones levels increased, the growth of Allogynogentic silver crucian carp performance of a downward trend. When the dietary soybean isoflavones added level reached 0.72%, the specific growth rate of Allogynogentic silver crucian carp was significantly lower than the group of fish meal and the other soybean isoflavones groups, FCR was significantly higher than the group of fish meal and the other soybean isoflavones groups, and PER was significantly lower than the groups of fish meal and 0.09%, 0.18% and 0.36% soybean saponins, and the serum CHO and LDLC were significantly higher than the groups of fish meal and soybean meal. The group of 0.72% soybean isoflavones of Allogynogentic silver crucian carp,s foregut had occurred changes. The mucosal folds was shorter, the muscle was thinner. The phenomenon was not all consistent with the soybean meal group. While, the specific growth rate of Allogynogentic silver crucian carp which both added soybean saponins and soybean isoflavones was significantly lower than fish meal, FCR were significantly higher than fish meal, PER were significantly lower than fish meal, the foregut muscle was thinner, mucosal folds was dissipated and so on. The body index, serum GLU, TG and HDLC of all groups of Allogynogentic silver crucian carp were not significantly different. So the negative effects of feeding Allogynogentic silver crucian carp with soybean meal to replace fish meal may be not related to soybean isoflavones, and there are synergy between soybean saponins and soybean isoflavones.