Influence Of Microbial Additives On The Efficiency Of Apple Pomace Silage And Animal Feeding Test

With the development of fruit production and juice processing industry,nearly 2 million tons of apple pomace was produced every year,the study of how to use it efficiently was became a very important research topic. The exploration on making fresh apple pomace for feed has great significance in solving environmental pollution and comprehensive utilization of apple pomace. The research content of this paper was making apple pomace for feed,and screening of excellent fermentation strains and proportion optimization of silage starter was carried out,also the influence of microbial additives on the efficiency of apple pomace was investigated,with animal feeding test the nutrition and effects of apple pomace silage was evaluated. The main results showed:(1)In the study,3 excellent homofermentative lactic acid bacteria selected and were numbered as R1,R11 and R16 respectively. These three strains were identified by morphology, physiological and biochemical indexes and 16S rDNA methods,and the results showed: R1 was Lactobacillus Plantarum; R11 was Lactobacillus Acidipiscis; R16 was Pediococcus Pentosacous.(2)With the addition of mixed R1,R11,R16,M1,M5 and B2 on apple pomce silage fermentation process, all of the microorganisms can grow well. The addition of complex bacteria into the ensilage improved organic acid content obviously,the pH decreased rapidly and the loss of ensilage CP reduced,the quantity of Bacillus cereus always kept above 10⁴ g^-1 which lay a foundation to play its micro-ecological effects. The mixed bacteria mode ensilage quality was better than single bacteria mode,and the effect of silage was the best with the addition of mixed R1,R16,M1,M5 and B2.(3)With the addition of microbial culture starters,the top quality of apple pomace ensilage was made,which had golden color and nice smelling. According to the quantity change of microbial,after 30 days fermentation,the lactobacillus kept dynamic balance and meanwhile the total acid content tended to be stable; M1 and M5 were transformed into bacterial protein; B2 kept dynamic balance after 15 days fermentation,all of which showed that the microbial community became stable in the apple pomace silage 30 days later. According to the ensilage nutrition change,the CP,NDF and WSC content tended to be stable after 30 to 50 days fermentation,which showed that the ensilage could be used in animal feeding after 40 to 50 days fermentation.(4)By feeding apple pomace silage,the feed intake of experiment animals improved and had brighten coat color and weight changed little,and also the feces was normal and animals were in good physical condition. The DM intake and feed conversion efficiency was improved significantly when adding 7% of apple pomace ensilage in lactating dairy cows(P<0.05); The DM intake and milk yield could be improved significantly when adding 14% and 21% of apple pomace ensilage in lactating dairy cows(P<0.05),in which the 21% treatment was better. The CP,P and Ca content in remaining feeds of 7%,14% and 21% had no different,except for the WSC content in 21% treatment was significantly greater (P<0.05) in compare to the control treatment;the feces water content had no obvious difference in all treatments. The milk yield and milk quality can be highly significant improved when the adding of apple pomace silage was 37.5% in dairy goats feeding(P<0.01). The effects of apple pomace silage was better in compare to dry apple pomace and fermented apple pomace on animal feeding,which proved utilize the apple pomace as silage for feed was the more effective way.