The Investigation And Analysis Of Community Ecology Of Parasitic Helminths Of Domestic Waterfowl In Longyan City, Fujian, PRC

According to the principles of ecological statistics and the methods of researching waterfowl parasitic helminth from the domestic and foreign, the investigation and analysis of the species,population, distribution of parasitic helminth of domestic waterfowl were studied in Longyan City,where is in western mountainous areas of Fujian province (include seven counties). The studies was able to offer the scientific basis for prevention and cure parasitic helminth disease of domesticated waterfowl in Longyan City.1,Species of parasitic helminth:After the random sample of 309 domesticated waterfowl were anatomied and checked in Longyan City, including 164 Shanman ducks, 76 Mule ducks,38 Cairna moschata,31 Liancheng white ducks,18 species of parasitic helminth were checked, including 8 species of Trematoda,6 species of Tapeworm,3 species of Nematode,and 1 species of Acanthocephalan, belonging to 10 families,15 genus, respectively.There were 11 species of parasitic helminth were the new records in Longyan City, which were Amphimerus anatis, Metorchis orientalis, Aploparaksis furcigera Aploparaksis fukienensis, Hymenolepis megalops, Hymenolepis venusta, Drepanidotaenia lanceolata, Epomidostomum uncinatum, Streptocara formosensis, Tetrameres fissispinus and Polymorphus magnus in this investigation.2,Infection rate and intensity:There were 65.37% of infection rate of parasitic helminth of domestic waterfowl in Longyan city. There was more differences bescause everyone parasitic helminth infected different levels in domestic waterfowl. The highest infection rate and intensity were Tetrameres fissispinus, which the infection rate and intensity were 46,77% and 13.46 individual,respectively.Tthe second were Echinostoma revolutum, Hymenolepis venusta and Aploparaksis fukienensis,.which the infection rate were 10.64%,10.65% and 9.03%, and the infection intensity were 10.12,6.58 and 6.36 individual, respectively. The least infection rate and intensity were Notocotylus attenuatus and Polymorphus magnus, which the infection rate were 0.32% and 0.97%, and the infection intensity were 1.00 and 1.76 individual, respectively. The infection rate and intensity of the other 12 parasitic Helminth were among the medium infective situation.3,Dominant species and distribution type:The group of parasitic helminth from the random sample of 309 domestic waterfowl was used as one unit, the ecological characteristics value and community of 18 species of parasitic helminth were calculated and analyzed.The results showed that the Tetrameres fissispinus and Echinostoma revolutum was dominant species.Hymenolepis venusta, Aploparaksis fukienensis, Dicranotaenia coronula, Amphimerus anatis, Hypoderaeum conoideum, Aploparaksis furcigera, Prothogonimus cuneatus, Metorchis orientalis, Epomidistomum anatinum and Streptocara formosensis were Sub-dominant species. Except for Notocotylus attenuatus and Polymorphus magnus belonging to randomly distributed, the other 16 parasitic helminth were aggregated distribution, which the Hymenolepis megalops was the highest aggregation, and the second were Drepanidotaenia lanceolata, Metorchis orientali, Echinostoma miyagawai and Epomidistomum anatinum.4,The effect of infection of helminth on grazing and captivity ducks:The results from investigation analysis of the population and composition of parasitic helminth in 95 random Shanman Ducks (41 grazing ducks and 54 captivity ducks) showed that Shanman Duck was infected by 17 parasitic helminths from above mentioned 18 parasitic helminths, which the total infection rate was 71.58%, the overall average infection intensity was 13.95 individual. The infection rate of parasitic helminths in grazing Shanman Ducks was 85.3%, significantly higher than that of captivity Shanman Ducks,which was 61.1%(P<0.01).With comparison of infected diversification of parasitic helminths, the infection rate of Trematoda in grazing Shanman Ducks was significantly higher than that of captivity Shanman Ducks (P<0.01), but there was no difference of the infection rate of Tapeworm and Nematode between the grazing Shanman Duck and the captivity Shanman Duck (P>0.05). The results showed that the change of the rearing methods (grazing and captivity) can significantly affected to Shanman Ducks in helminth infection. However, there was no obviously affected to Shanman Ducks in Tapeworm and Nematode.In a word,the probability of infected Trematoda in grazing Shanman Ducks was significantly higher than in captivity Shanman Ducks, while the probability of infection of the other two types helminth (tapeworm and nematode) was no significant difference whether it was in grazed, or in captivitied.5,The strategy of control1)In Longyan City, Tetrameres fissispinu,Echinostoma revolutum,Hymenolepis venusta,Aploparaksis fukienensis, Dicranotaenia coronvla, Amphimerus anatis, Hypoderaeum conoideum must be the main target of prevention and cure of parasitic helminth in domestic waterfowl in the region;2)Advocating domestic waterfowl in captivitied to effectively reduce infection and disease outbreak of parasitic helminth;3)For the captiviting ducks, the prevention work in parasitic nematode and tapeworm should mainly be dealing with a focal point, which eliminating water aquatic arthropod and shellfish in duck pond was an important link in breeding waterfowl. If the grazing rearing was still used, the medicaments deworming must be utilized to drive trematoda in the ducks within 20-30 days from starting their grazing rearing.