| The grasshopper, which is in Acridodea, Orthoptera, Insecta and distributed widely and vastly, is one of the main kind of agricultural pest. Coupled with the flood and drought, the grasshopper disaster, one of the international natural calamity, has made a serious effect on people's production, life and survival. Oxya chinensis which is in Oxya Serville, Oedipodidae, Orthoptera, Insecta, is a worldwide agricultural pest.The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was conducted on 7 locations with long geographical distance in China-Changping of Beijing, Taiyuan of Shanxi, Hanzhong of Shanxi, Jining of Shandong, ChangSha of Hunan, Laibin of Guangxi and Wanning of Hainan. Genetic diversity and genetic structure was analyzed among 128 individuals of 7 populations above. The main purpose was:(1) Discussing the genetic structure and genetic diversity among different Oxya chinensis populations from north to south in our country; (2) Analyzing the influence on the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation among Oxya chinensis populations because of the island geographic isolation. A total of 336 reproducible bands were amplified with 7 primer combinations from 128 individuals. Two hundred and ninety-two bands (86.90%) were polymorphic. High genetic diversity was found among 0. chinensis populations and Wanning population had higher genetic diversity than other populations. Mantel test (r=0.27, P=0.89) suggested that there was no significant association between genetic distance and geographic distance. Remarkable genetic differentiation was found among populations. Unweighted pair group method average (UPGMA) tree showed that the 7 O. chinensis populations were divided into 3 groups:Changping of Beijing, Taiyuan of Shanxi and Jining of Shandong populations in the north; Hanzhong of Shanxi, Changsha of Hunan and Laibin of Guangxi populations in the south; and Wanning of Hainan population. Principal component analysis indicated significant genetic differentiation among the north and the south populations and island and continent populations existed in the 7 O. chinensis populations because of geographic isolation.Morphology of 9 Oxya chinensis populations from 9 different locations with long distance from north to south in our country was analyzed. Morphological difference between male and female individuals, morphological difference of different populations from north to south and the correlations among body measurement indices and between body measurements and altitude were analyzed by software in order to study the relation between morphology and environment. Length of body, length of head, length of pronotum, width of pronotum, length of lateral lobe of pronotum, height of lateral lobe of pronotum, length of elytra, length of femur, width of femur and length of tibia were chosen, measured by electronic vernier caliper and compared. In addition, ANOVA analysis on the length of body, One-Way ANOVA analysis and correlations among body measurement indices and between body measurements and altitude were analyzed by using SPSS 11.5 software. The female individuals were obviously larger than the male and every measurement indice decreased along with the increase of latitude. The body length of the north populations was clearly smaller than the south and Taiyuan population was a transitional population between the north and the south groups. Ten measurement indices except length of pronotum, length of elytra, length of femur and length of tibia were all correlated with altitude, which showed morphology had positive ralationship with environmental change.
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