| Potassium deficiency lead to premature senescence of cotton is constraint China's cotton yield and quality of increase of the important factors. In particular, the current promotion of genetically modified hybrid cotton needs more potassium, study on effect of potassium nutrition on cotton growth, yield and quality was important. Three cotton varities, Jin 102, Xiang zamianNO.8 and Si yang328 with different genotypic cotton, pot experiment and field experiment were used to study on effect of different potassium treatments on growth, potassium absorption and utilization, physiological characteristics and yied and quality of three differet genotypic cotton varities.The main results were showed as follows:(1)Potassium fertilizer application advances significantly the cotton development, obvious increases the plant height, the leaves number, the dry weight, the chlorophyll content, and the soluble sugar content. Compare with CK, Jin102, Xiang zamianNO.8 and Si yang328 under differet potassium treatments, the range of increase of the dry weight were 17.59%～26.73%,15.73%～21.28% and 15.88%～21.42%, respectively. The range of increase of the chlorophyll content were 0.80-1.06mg.g-1,0.94～1.06mg.g-1 and 0.62-0.86mg.g-1,respectively. The maximum chlorophyll content under different potassium treatments in July 22,10 days less than CK. Conditions in the potassium deficiency(KO), the growth of Si yang328 was better than the other varieties.Conditions in the potassium fertilizer application, the growth of Jin 102 was better than the other varieties.(2) Potassium fertilizer application significantly enhanced potassium absorption in cotton and reduced potassium utilization. The potassium content of various organs and potassium accumulation of potassium fertilizer application was higher than CK. Conditions in the potassium deficiency(KO), the maximum biological potassium use efficiency was 56.85 g2.g-1,compare with Jin 102 and Xiang zamianNO.8, increased by 11.12%and 4.83%,respectively and the difference was significant, with further increasing potassium fertilizer, potassium use efficiency of differet cotton varities were not obvious when potassium fertilizer application rate was 1.125 g.kg-1. Potassium fertilizer application significantly increased available potassium content and slow available potassium content, with further increasing potassium fertilizer application, the potassium absorption, activation of Xiang zamianNO.8 and Jin 102 were enhanced, but Si yang328 was reduced when potassium fertilizer application rate was 0.75 g.kg-1.(3)Potassium fertilizer application was an effective way to optimize cotton yield component. Potassium fertilizer application increased boll weight, lint percentage and weight of 100 cotton, in particular, increases upper boll weight, differet parts of lint percentage and upper, lower weight of 100 cotton and central weight of 100 cotton of Xiang zamianNO.8 and Si yang328.Compare with CK, Jin 102, Xiang zamianNO.8 and Si yang328 under differet potassium treatments, the bolls per plant increased by 34.48%-38.91%,27.81%-35.68% and 14.25%-22.10%, respectively and the difference was significant. The maximum increment of lint yield and seed cotton yield when potassium fertilizer application rate was 225kg.hm-2. The lint yield increased by 45.67%,40.78% and 47.09%, respectively. The seed cotton yield increased by 41.16%,39.01% and 33.57%, respectively and the difference was significant. Compare with potassium fertilizer application rate was 225kg.hm-2,the lint yield and seed cotton yield of Xiang zamianNO.8 and Jin 102 were increased significant when potassium fertilizer application rate was 450kg.hm-2,but Si yang328 was not.(4) Potassium fertilizer application greater impact on cotton quality. Potassium fertilizer application enhanced differet parts of fiber length, uniformity, micronaire, and reduced upper elongation. Potassium fertilizer application on the impact of Si yang328 was larger than other varieties, and there were also differences between different parts of cotton.
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