| The relationship among potassium absorption, use efficiency, yield, the formation of the fiber quality, growing development, and plant type, physiological activity in the different organs of19cotton varieties was studied in this paper. These cotton varieties come from the Huanghe valley and Yangtze valley. Potassium fertilizer use efficiency, potassium physiological use efficiency, potassium seed cotton production efficiency, potassium fertilizer agronomic use efficiency were taken as indexes, and the results were as follows:1. Four types were consisted in the potassium absorption and use efficiency of testing various, which were potassium-efficiency type, potassium-high required type, intermediate type and potassium-inefficiency type. The potassium fertilizer use efficiency, potassium physiological use efficiency, potassium seed cotton production efficiency, potassium fertilizer agronomic use efficiency were higher (Potassium fertilizer use efficiency at about40%, agronomic use efficiency was6kg/seed cotton potassium fertilizer above, physiological use efficiency was9.0kg seed cotton/kg potassium above, seed cotton production efficiency was18kg/seed cotton/potassium fertilizer above). Kemian4, Siza3, Lumianyan15and Suza66mainly belonged to this type. Potassium-high required types were represented by high Potassium fertilizer use efficiency (40%above), but its agronomic use efficiency (about5kg seed cotton/kg potassium fertilizer), potassium physiological use efficiency (8-9kg seed cotton/kg potassium), Potassium seed cotton production efficiency (about15.0kg seed cotton/kg potassium fertilizer) all below the index above around several varieties, but its k uptake per plant is the maximum. Suza3, Zhongmiansuo48, Xiangzamian3, ningzamian3, Daiza1all belong to this type, intermediate genotype represents the intermediate level of Potassium fertilizer use efficiency(about35%), potassium agronomic use efficiency (3-4kg seed cotton/kg potassium fertilizer), potassium physiological use efficiency (about7.5kg seed cotton/kg potassium fertilizer), Potassium seed cotton production efficiency (14.0-15.0kg seed cotton/kg potassium fertilizer) were not high,seed cotton yield and k uptake per plant were between above two types, Xuza3, Simian3, Yumian1, Yankangza1, Sikang1, GK19all belonged to this type. Number4was potassium-inefficiency genotype,it represents lower Potassium fertilizer use efficiency (30-32%), potassium agronomic use efficiency (2.1-2.5kg seed cotton/kg potassium fertilizer) and Potassium physiological use efficiency (about6.3-6.56kg seed cotton/kg potassium fertilizer) were low, potassium seed cotton production efficiency (14-15kg seed cotton/kg potassium fertilizer) neither were high, k uptake per plant and seed cotton yield were low.2. The absorption and use efficiency of Potassium was closely related to the formation of whole plant yield and quality. Results in this paper show that potassium-efficiency cultivars (PEC) always have more bolls, and the weights higher. The difference between different parts is small. The yields of different parts, upper, central, lower, internal, and external, is a balanced distribution. The lengths of fibres from upper parts and middle parts were close, and they were longer than the fibres from lower parts, the features were the same from the internal to external. Upper and middle fibre strength is higher, internal to external features were also the same. Upper and external parts of PEC have a higher maturity.Correlation analysis shows that, there were significant positive correlations between four indexes of potassium absorption and use efficiency and yield. Among them, Potassium fertilizer use efficiency has the largest correlation coefficient (0.8699**) with the yield of lower part; potassium fertilizer agronomic use efficiency has the largest correlation coefficient (0.9530**) with the yield of middle part; physiological use efficiency and seed cotton production efficiency has the largest correlation coefficient (0.9200**,0.9022**) with the yield of upper part; there were positive correlations between four indexes of potassium absorption and use efficiency and the number of external boll. The correlation coefficients were respectively0.7921*,0.8208*,0.8487**,0.8392**. There were also positive correlations between physiological use efficiency and seed cotton production efficiency and the number of central boll. The correlation coefficients were respectively0.7834*,0.7087*. There were positive correlations between four indexes of potassium absorption and use efficiency and the weights of internal and external part. The weights of upper and lower part have a high degree of positive correlation with potassium fertilizer use efficiency, agronomic use efficiency and physiological use efficiency. All of potassium fertilizer use efficiency and the upper fiber length, agronomic use efficiency and the upper external fiber length, physiological use efficiency and the upper, central, external fiber length; seed cotton production efficiency and central, external fiber length, have a high degree of positive correlation, which were respectively0.7623*,0.7721*,0.8540*,0.7632*,0.7570*,0.8631*,0.7554*and0.7312*. Potassium seed cotton production efficiency has the largest correlation coefficient with strength of each part fibre, and it also a high degree of positive correlation with the internal and external. The correlation coefficients were respectively0.7736*,0.7150*,0.7116*.3. Different potassium absorption and use efficiency leads to different growth characteristic. Varieties of different potassium-efficiency had no obvious regularity in height of plants. Potassium absorption and use efficiency don’t have obvious effects on the plant height. LAI of the potassium-efficiency type is suitable and the rate decrease slowly; The dry weight distribution of the vegetative organs of potassium-efficiency varieties is well-proportioned, especially those middle and upper ones. Dry weight of reproductive organ and the dry weight growth were always high. The dry weight of upper reproductive organs is high, and the difference is small. The bud number of PEC is always the biggest from full bud time (6/20) to bud appearance critical period (8/15). The intensity of bud appearance is the highest from6/20to7/20, and the decreasing is slow from7/20-8/15.The number of PEC cotton bolls formed after Aug.15th is large, and the intensity of bolls formed in middle summer and early autumn is high.4. Potassium absorption and use efficiency had a significant effect on plant type.potassium-efficiency genotype varieties represent that fruit internode length and fruit node diameter were moderate, fruit branch base angle, opening angle and fruit branch flexibility of lower part of the plant were maximum, the upper of the plant were minimum, decreased from the lower to upper part; while fruit branch toward main stem of the lower part is small, fruit branch toward main stem of the middle and upper part is high, the difference of this index between them is not significant; canopy leaf angle is always great. Correlation analysis shows that, there were positive correlations between four indexes of potassium absorption and use efficiency and fruit node diameter,especially there were significant positive correlations between potassium fertilizer use efficiency and peripheral fruit node diameter, the correlation coefficient is0.76525*. There were positive correlations between four indexes of potassium absorption and use efficiency and the upper and the lower fruit branch base angle, there were negative correlations between four indexes of potassium absorption and use efficiency and middle fruit branch base angle. There were significant positive correlations between agronomic use efficiency, physiological use efficiency, seed cotton production efficiency and fruit branch opening angle of the lower part of the plant, the correlation coefficient were respectively0.7176*,0.7740*,0.7740*. there were significant negative correlations between agronomic use efficiency, physiological use efficiency, seed cotton production efficiency and fruit branch flexibility of the upper part of the plant, the correlation coefficient were respectively-0.8099*,-0.7067*,-0.7933*. There were above positive correlations between four indexes of potassium absorption and use efficiency and canopy leaf angle in different growth stages.5. Relationship between the efficiency of potassium absorption and Photosynthesis of cotton leaves was close. The content of chlorophyll a, b of PEC were in the second place, and the decreasing speed of chlorophyll content is slow, full bloom to boll (7/20-8/15), photosynthetic rate of PEC is slightly lower than the High-need potassium-type. Belling period, PEC has the highest speed of photosynthesis, late period (8/30-9/20), photosynthetic speed decreased slowly. PEC’s total soluble sugar, Sucrose content and invertase activity always keep the highest level. Analysis shows, K-Fertilizer use efficiency, agronomic efficiency and chlorophyll a content were significantly above the level of positive correlation. Chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll is most closely related to the utilization of potassium.4potassium efficiency indicators showed high significant positive correlation with photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, stomatal diameter, soluble sugar, sucrose content and invertase activity after full bloom, and the correlation coefficient is even closer in late period.6.The transportation and distribution of photosynthetic was influenced by potassium absorption and use efficiency, potassium-efficiency varieties represent that:There were performance of varities of k efficient.They were root injury flow of Kemian6and Siza3,k content and flow in injury flow,output rate of the whole sugar cane and soluble sugar in fruit branche leaves,the diameter of duct and sive tube in boll stalk,soluble sugar and sugar cane in boll stalk.All of their content were high level.Related analysis shows that4indexes of k absorption utilization efficiency were positively associated with root injury flow,k content,k flow of root and transport rate of whole sugar cane and soluble sugar in boll shell.beside,they also were significantly positive relation with single boll economic coefficient and accumulation of fibers and so on.7.k absorption and utilization efficiency influence content of endogenous hormones cotton plant.There were performance of varities of k efficient.They were IAA of high level content and ABA of low level content in root.Contrapuntal leaves of cotton boll growing in10days in different places contain IAA,GA3,ZR,ABA of high level content.Rlated analysis shows that4k efficiency indexes,k fertilizer use effiiency, agronomic use efficiency,k physiological use efficiency and seed cotton production efficiency,have significantly positive relation with IAA content in the root of injury flow.But also k physiological use efficiency correlation coefficient is the largest.k utilization is inversely associated with ABA content.They all reach on significant or very significant level in different plant periods. |
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