| Effects of chromium picolinate on body composition and non-specific immune response of Juvenile Jian CarpThe single factor randomized design experiment.The experiment was to investigate the effect of chromium picolinate supplement on growth performance, serum indexes, non-specific immune ability,meat quality.In 90 days feeding trial, a total of 225 juwenille Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var.Jian)(35.5±0.03 g,mean±SD)were fed diets containing five graded levels of chromium picolinate:0,2.46, 4.92,7.38,9.84 mg/kg. Results indicated that:Growth performance:Chromium Picolinate could enhance the growth performance of juvenile Jian carp.2.46 mg/kg group of chromium picolinate could significantly improve the amount of absolute increase in body weight (p<0.01),relative growth rate in body weight (p<0.01),weight gain rate (p<0.01), fatness (p<0.01), weight gain was the best, with the chromium concentration increased,4.92,7.38,9.84 mg/kg on the growth rate of juvenile Jian carp was significantly lower (p<0.05). Althoμgh the increase with the addition of the growth performance had declined,but compared with the control group still had much improved.Feed utilization:Add chromium picolinate could improve feed utilization of juvenile Jian carp, lower feed conversion ratio.Dosage of 2.46 mg/kg help to improve feed conversion rate was significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.01), however, 2.46 mg/kg group was significantly higher than the dosage of 9.84mg/kg group (p<0.05).4.92 mg/kg group and 7.38mg/kg group and the control group no significant difference (p>0.05);while reducing the material weight ratio,the addition of chromium picolinate can help reduce material weight ratio, when chromium picolinate The dosage of 2.46mg/kg when the feed weight ratio of the lowest, significantly lower than the control group (p<0.01),the remaining differences among the groups was not significant (p>0.05);while the protein efficiency 2.46mg/kg of Add content compared to other groups could significantly improve the protein efficiency (p<0.01),while no differences among the other groups (p>0.05).Serum indexes:Chromium Picolinate had enoμgh lower triglycerides, Serum urea nitrogen, Serum glucose trends,while raising the Serum total protein trends. The Serum glucose of control group was not significant to 2.46,4.92,7.23 groups (p>0.05),while Serum glucose of 9.48 groups were significantly to other differences among the groups (p>0.05).7.38mg/kg groups could significantly reduce serum triglyceride levels (p<0.05).The other levels of the control group were not significantly different (p>0.05),but the trend of decrease.The amount of serum total protein had no significant effect (p>0.05),and the differences between various experimental groups were not significant (p>0.05).Serum free fatty acids of 4.92mg/kg,7.38mg/kg,9.84mg/kg groups was significantly different to control group (p<0.01); Serum free fatty acids of 2.46mg/kg was significantly different to 4.92mg/kg,7.38mg/kg,9.84mg/kg groups(p<0.05),other various group were not significantly (p>0.05), The amount of urea nitrogen of 4.92mg/kg,7.38mg/kg, 9.84mg/kg groups were significantly different to control group,could significantly reduce the amount of serum urea nitrogen (p<0.05),the effect of 2.46 mg/kg group was not significant (p> 0.05).Non-specific immune ability:Dietary chromium picolinate could improve the SOD activity of juvenile Jian carp,AKP activity, white Serum cell count,red Serum cell count and lysozyme.4.92 mg/kg group improve lysozyme activity with the control group, significant difference (p<0.05), other groups was not significant difference to the control group in lysozyme activity (p>0.05),but between the other groups was not significant difference groups (p>0.05).when 4.92 mg/kg,antioxidant capacity was the best, control group no significant difference to every groups (p>0.05), between 4.92 mg/kg and 9.84mg/kg were significant difference (p<0.05),2.46 mg/kg; 4.92 mg/kg; 9.84 mg/kg were no significant difference between (p> 0.05). when 2.46 mg/kg activity the AKP was the highest, the AKP activity of the control group was significantly to 2.46 mg/kg,4.92 mg/kg,7.38 mg/kg,9.84mg/kg (p<0.05),2.46 mg/ kg,4.92 mg/kg,7.38mg/kg,9.84 mg/kg four add AKP activity between groups althoμgh there are differences,but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). when 4.92 mg/kg,the amount of white blood cells was the highest,white blood volume of the control group were significantly 9.84 mg/kg group (p<0.05),while the other group of white blood cells with no significant difference between the amount (p>0.05);2.46 mg/kg;4.92 mg/kg;7.38 mg/kg the amount of white blood cells of three groups was not significant (p>0.05). when 2.46mg/kg amount of RBC was the highest. control group was significantly difference to 9.84 mg/kg (p<0.05),while the other experimental groups with no significant difference between (p>0.05);2.46 mg/kg; 4.92 mg/kg;7.38 mg/kg groups were not significant difference (p> 0.05).Body composition:Chromium Picolinate to enhance carcass crude protein;reduce moisture,Ether netextract;and ash. Crude protein of control group was significant difference (p<0.01) to 2.46mg/kg and 4.92mg/kg groups.Crude protein of the control group had no significant difference to 7.38mg/kg,9.84mg/kg (p>0.05). moisture, Ether netextract,ash of the control group was not significant difference to 2.46mg/kg, 4.92mg/kg,9.84mg/kg 7.38mg/kg (p>0.05), no significant difference between addtive groups (p>0.05).The distribution of chromium:The distribution of chromium in fish mainly in the spleen,kidney,intestine,liver,fins distribution,and muscle distribution in the least.With the addition of chromium increased organ and tissue residue less,but mainly excreted throμgh the excretory organ.With the increase in the amount of chromium added, chromium in the back muscles, abdominal muscles,liver,spleen into the increasing trend in the content of the control group and no significant difference among addtive groups (p>0.05),among 2.46mg/kg,7.38 mg/kg,4.92mg/kg,9.84mg/kg,the four groups were not significantly (p>0.05);chromium in the intestine,kidney, fins,bones,decre--ased gradually in the control group and add no significant difference between groups (p>0.05),It was not significantly difference among 2.46mg/kg,7.38mg/kg,4.92mg/kg, 9.84mg/kg.Content of bones was a declining trend, but the added capacity to reach 7.38 mg/kg,bone content in the content began to increase.The chromium content in the spleen with the added amount of chromium picolinate showed decreasing trend increase,when added to 7.38mg/kg, the content along with content increase,showing an increasing trend. add the control group and 2.46mg/kg group differences althoμgh there were differences but not significant (p>0.05);control group was significant difference to 4.92mg/kg,7.38mg/kg,9.84mg/kg (p<0.05);7.38mg/kg and 4.92mg/kg had differences between the groups,but althoμgh there was no significant (p> 0.05); it was the significant difference among 9.84mg/kg 2.46mg/kg,7.38mg/kg,4.92mg/kg (p <0.05).Conclusion:Effect of dietary chromium picolinate to improve production performance Jian,improve feed efficiency, reduce material weight ratio,could improve carcass crude protein, lower carbohydrate,fat content, increase lean meat,2.46 mg/kg is the best additive amount.Addtive groups increased lysozyme,SOD,AKP activity,promote the growth of immune organs,increase the number of leukocytes significantly increased non-specific immunity,4.92mg/kg of chromium picolinate is best when the immunity.The distribution of chromium in fish mainly in the spleen,kidney,intestine,liver,fins distribution,and muscle distribution in the least.Chr-omium as antistress fish material,once mobilized,it could quickly rule out in vitro.
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