Effects Of Organic Fertilizers On Yield And Quality Of Rice Grains And Nutrient Leaching Loss From Paddy

Manure, straw, biogas and other agricultural organic wasting are not only high quality fertilizer resources, but also the factors of environmental pollution. The agricultural cropping patterns are almost depending on the chemical fertilizers application recently, the living environmental of rural and urban residents is seriously destroyed by the agricultural organic wasting disposal at will. Studies on the effects of different types of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics, the key enzyme activity of C-N metabolic, yield, grain quality, fertilizer use efficiency, the concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, NH4+-N and NO3--N in the leaching fluid of the experiment field with the field plot experiment. It can be provided some scientific fundamental for fertilization utilization of agricultural organic wasting in the future. The results are showed as below:1. The yield of early rice with the treatments of pig manure instead of 20% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, pig manure-based organic fertilizer instead of 10% of the applied chemical nitrogen fertilizer and biogas instead of 20% of chemical fertilizer are higher than pure chemical treatment and no fertilizer treatment, and increased by 103.49%,81.62%,74.64% and 38.67%, 23.77%,19.02% respectively. The maximum yield of late rice appeared in the treatment of pig manure-based organic fertilizer instead of 10% of chemical fertilizer, followed by the biogas instead of 30% applied chemical nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the two fertilizer application treatments compared with pure fertilizer treatment and no fertilizer treatment increased by 8.30%, 2.20% and 99.4%,88.1% respectively.2. The roughness out of rice, milled rice rate and head rice rate are increased, the content of rice chalkiness and amylase are decreased and the rice milling quality, appearance quality and cooking quality are improved by the organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer treatment.3. The early rice flag leaf sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and nitrate reductase (NR) activity are both higher with the treatment of pig manure-based organic fertilizer instead of 20% of chemical fertilizer; while in late rice the activity of SPS flag leaf are higher in the treatments of straw instead of 10% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and pig manure-based organic fertilizer instead of 10% of chemical fertilizer treatment, and NR activity are higher in the treatments of straw instead of 10% of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer, pig manure instead of 20% of the chemical N and residue slurry instead of 20% of the chemical fertilizer, which showed that the activity of SPS and NR can be increased by organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer treatment, and stimulated the circulation of carbon-nitrogen metabolism and synthesis of organic material in the grains.4. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and lower intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of the flag leaf are improved by organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer treatment, so as to improve the photosynthetic performance of rice, increase the photosynthetic capacity, and promote the distribution and utilization of photosynthetic.5. Nitrogen use efficiency of early rice is highest in treatment of pig manure-based organic fertilizer instead of manure 20% of chemical fertilizer, followed by 20% of pig manure instead of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and manure-based organic fertilizer instead of 10%chemical nitrogen fertilizer, increased by 8.87%,3.74% and 3.47% respectively compared with the pure fertilizer handle. Rice N use efficiency of late rice is highest in treatment of pig manure-based organic fertilizer 20% instead of the chemical fertilizer, followed by residue slurry instead of 20% of the chemical fertilizer treatment, increased by 3.76% and 1.99% respectively compared with the pure fertilizer treatment.6. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate and ammonium concentrations of paddy water leakage in swine manure-based organic fertilizer instead of 20% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, pig manure-based organic fertilizer instead of 10%of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, biogas instead of 20%chemical fertilizer treatment are lower, indicating that the decreased effective nutrient leaching in paddy field area of the 3 treatments is better than the pure fertilizer treatment. So the nutrients leaching loss and chemical fertilizer application level can be decreased by the organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer treatment, the pollution of environment by chemical fertilizer can be declined also, thereby protecting the ecological environment.