| At present, there are lots of winter fallow fields which are not fully utilized in our country. To develop the winter agriculture in south China, increase the yield of cultivated land and increase farmer's income, this study, using complete random completed block design, is aiming to understand the effect of planting potato in the winter fallow field on soil environment and rice growth. The conclusions drawn from this research are as following:1. Planting potato could improve soil nutrient. While only the total potassium content decreased, the other nutrient content including organic matter, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of treatment A(planting potato in the winter fallow field+rice) was more 5.2g/kg,0.09g/kg,0.02g/kg,12.6 mg/kg,17.4 mg/kg,59.5 mg/kg than potato pre-implantation and more 17.4 mg/kg,59.5 mg/kg和3.3g/kg,0.15g/kg,0.02g/kg,15.2mg/kg,17.2mg/kg,42.6 mg/kg than CK(control).2. With out fallow, the concentration of total-N, alkaline-N and available-P in the soil showed a curvilinear trend. It went up at the beginning and then brought down finally approached to a flat. However, the concentration of total-N in control, was decreased, then rose and finally reduced. No significant difference was detected in the concentration of available nitrogen, available phosphorus in control. Concentration of total-K was in downtrend, quick-acting K concentration increased first before declined and organic matter appeared increasing trend. The Peak value was 194.3mg/kg which was observed in tiller stage of treatment A. The rate of increase was 250%. According to the experiment, available-K content in treatment A was always higher than control.3. With the growth of early rice in treatment A, nitrogen content and phosphorus content decreased. Potassium content decreased first, then increased in the upper half of the plant, and decreased in the lower half. 4. In all treatments, the accumulated absorption in N and K was significantly higher than P during tiller stage and jointing stage. The accumulated absorption in N, P, K of treatment A was very significant higher than control. In the jointing stage, very significant difference was also found in K. In the absorption of N and P, the difference was significant. In the maturation period no significant difference was observed in the absorption in N and P, but K.5. Treatment A could promote effective tillers, extend the tiller stage. The effective tiller number was 3 180 000 per hm, which was more 680 000 per hm2 than control. The increase amplitude was 27.2%.6. Treatment A resulted in a significant increase on the yield of early rice. The yield of early rice in treatment A reached 6 354.7 kg·hm2, which was more 365.4 kg·hm2 than control and the increase amplitude was 6.1%. In this system, the effective tiller number also had an increase of 640 000·hm2. However, treatment A increased the growth period of the early rice by 3 days. Negative effects on seed setting rate (dropped 5.9%) and 1000-grain weight of treatment A had been also found in this research.7. In treatment A, brown rice rate which was higher than control, the content of protein, amylase and gel consistency were respectively decreased by 4.0%,0.55% and 8.1 mm in comparison with control.8. Planting potato in the winter fallow field could improve economic benefit. The net income of treatment A was 38 645.7 RMB Yuan per hm2, which is more30 878.9 RMB Yuan per hm2 than control.
|
PDF Full Text Request