| Next to the wheat, rice, maize, potato ranks the fourth-largest food crops in the world. It can be used as food, vegetable, feed and industrial material. Because of its strong adaptability, rich nutrition, strong potential for growth, long industrial chain and high comparative efficiency, potato has been widely planted all over the world.At the present, the per unit area yield of the wheat, rice and maize have reached a very high level and it’s difficult to improve further more. Planting area for potato in China is fairly large while the unit yield level is low, which points to a strong potential for increasing production, especially the huge potentiality of planting potato in the winter fallow field. This means a lot in ensuring the food supply security, optimizing agricultural structure, increasing the farmers’income and reviving the rural regional economy.There is broad area of winter fallow field throughout the southern china. And there is only a small plantation area of rape, green manure. Most of the area remains the state of disuse or inactivity. Nowadays, potato has been successfully planted in the winter fallow field in southern area. And the high yield and economic effect comes along.At the present time, the area of winter fallow field in the low-altitude area in Enshi State is about26700hm2, including an area of about6700hm2which is suitable for potato planting in winter. The mild climate and soil condition favors the growth of the potato, promoting the tuber formation and expansion, facilitating the marketability increase and yield stability. The potato planted in winter will come into market in March and April the next year when it is just an off-season for potato supply. So planting potato has a good market prospect, and the obvious market advantage in potato season can effectively increase the farmers’income.This subject aimed to research and establish the cultivation technology regulations which are suitable for winter potato in Enshi state, and to provide the scientific technical guidance for large-scale and standardizational potato planting in winter fallow field in Enshi. It focused on the following5aspects to do the study and research:early variety selection, film mulching method, sowing date, sowing density and base fertilizer application amount. The main research results were as follows:1. Among the6varieties for test, Zhongshu NO.5performed the best. The output was1547.4kg each666.7m2, next to that of Eshu NO.4, which had the highest commercial output (1242.6kg each666.7m2). It had short growth stage, better tuber character and strong disease resistance. Eshu NO.4ranked the second. It had the highest total output (1612.9kg every666.7m2), and its comprehensive character was good. Zhongshu NO.3, Nanzhong NO.552and Favorite performed just so-so while Mili performed the worst.2. The potato cultivated by film mulching performed best. Its growth stage was much shorter than that of conventional cultivation potato and arch film mulching cultivation potato. And its emergence rate was much higher while the output was a little less than that of which cultivated by arch film mulching. What’s more, its commodity rate ranked the highest. Arch film mulching cultivation got a high output. But it was still not so good as film mulching cultivation, considering its huge input and the less finally benefit.3. The best sowing date of potato should be December. It hastens the mature period when the sowing date is earlier than Dec., but the output will be lower. The output is higher when the sowing date is after Dec. But its mature period delays to May, which is after March and April, the potato off-season. So the sale price falls down and results a lower economic benefit.4. Taking planting Eshu NO.4in Enshi area for example, the best sowing density is4600plants every666.7m2. When the sowing density is too low, the number of plants per unit area decreases, making the output decreased. When the sowing density is too high, the fruit number of single potato decreases. And the small tuber and commodity rate can hardly reach the goal of increasing production and efficiency.5. The best fertilizer application amount of planting winter potato in Enshi is:N11.5kg, P2O54.5kg and K2O8.0kg every666.7m2.The best base fertilizer application amount should be:N8-9kg, P2O54.5kg and K2O8.0kg, combined with adequate organic fertilizer. This can notably increase the output and commodity rate of the potato. |
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