| The crab-eating macaque (Macaca fasciculari) is used more than any other primates as experiment animal. China is the world's greatest supplier though the founders of captive breeding populations were all imported from Southeast Asia. In order to understand the genetic structure and genetic lineage of captive crab-eating macaque populations and provide effective genetic marker, we use microsatellite DNA and MHC linked STR loci as molecular markers and established quick and convenient multiplex PCR systems, then we carried out a systemic research on the genetics of captive breeding crab-eating macaque populations in China. The major results are as follows:1. Base on 24 primer-pairs of microsatellite DNA markers and 6 primer-pairs of MHC gene linked STR markers, of which were found from references or GenBank, we studied on establishing multiplex PCR systems and achieved multiplex systems with 6 primer-pairs respectively.18 microsatellite loci and 6 MHC gene linked STR loci were proved to be effective and didn't interfere with each other. These provide a quick and effective method for the genetic analyses of crab-eating macaque.2. The results of microsatellite DNA analyses indicated that the genetic diversity of captive breeding crab-eating macaque in China is high. The number of allele in 18 microsatellites loci is from 9 to 20, and 16.21 in average; effective number of allele was from 3.7497 to 13.5035,8.65 in average; Polymorphic information content is from 0.6921 to 0.9679, 0.8631 in average; observed heterozygosity is from 0.3548 to 0.8897 and 0.6533 in average, expected heterozygosity is from 0.7333 to 0.9259 and 0.8656 in average, the differentiation between observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity was 0.0254 (D6S1691) in minimum and 0.5711 (D22S280) in maximum; result of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test shows unbalanced; the gene flow is from 2.2806 to 12.6265 and 5.2992 in average.3. The analyses results of MHC-STR gene indicated the Chinese populations of crab-eating macaque with a high genetic diversity. Of all the 6 MHC-STR loci, the number of allele ranged from 4 to 22 and 15 in average; effective number of allele was from 2.5944 to 13.7317 and 6.9646 in averages; Polymorphic information content is from 0.5465 to 0.9225 and 0.7620 in average; Observed heterozygosity is from 0.4142 to 0.9588 and 0.7183 in average, expected heterozygosity is from 0.6311 to 0.9272 and 0.7867 in average, the differentiation between observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity was 0.0035 (D6S2741) in minimum and 0.3489 (DQcar) in maximum; result of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test shows MICA and D6S2741 loci were in equilibrium and other 4 loci is unbalanced; the gene flow ranged from 1.8145 to 9.2045 and 4.2711 in average.4. MHC gene linked STR markers were used to analyze the genetic differences between crab-eating macaque and rhesus monkey。The number of observed alleles and effective alleles of crab-eating macaque was 15 and 6.9646 respectively and those of rhesus monkey was Band 5.3922, which means alleles number of crab-eating macaque is more than that of rhesus monkey. Observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity of crab-eating macaque was 0.7183 and 0.7867 respectively and those of rhesus monkey was 0.6712 and 0.7380, which means the differentiation between observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity of crab-eating macaque is less than that of rhesus monkey. Gene flow of crab-eating macaque was 4.2711 and that of rhesus monkey was 5.2949, which means gene flow of crab-eating macaque is less than that of rhesus monkey.5.Cumulative probability of paternity exclusion of the 18 STR loci was 99.9999%, 10 STR loci parents RCP is 99.9999%,single-parent RCP is 99.99969%, This have achieved the requirements of Paternity.
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