| Jatropha curcas, as an important bio-energy of woody plant and attracted great attention of the government and relevant industries, was being increasingly explored and utilized. In order to adapt to the large-scale development of J. Curcas, it was urgent to summarize and screen out water and fertilizer cultivation management techniques system for high and stable yield of J. Curcas, provide technical support and reference for its scale and industrial production according to scientific research. The growth status and photosynthetic characteristic of J. Curcas young trees under different doses of super absorbent polymer, different base fertilizer types and application rates were studied at high and stable cultivation base of J. Curcas in Panzhihua, and explored the effect of soil water and fertility on the growth and photosynthetic characteristic of J. Curcas young plantation. Main results are as follows.(1) Super absorbent polymer application significantly promoted the rhizosphere soil water content of J. Curcas at Panzhihua dry-hot valley, and the more dosage of super abso-rbent polymer, the more promotion effect. The rhizosphere soil water content of 50g·plant-1, 100g·plant-1 and 200g·plant-1 super absorbent polymer application respectively increased 27.34%,43.57% and 46.64% by CK in dry season (April,2009). While in rainy season (July,2009), the rhizosphere soil water content of each super absorbent polymer applica-tion increased 8.35%,14.93% and 32.10% by CK.(2) In the period of November 2008 to May 2009 (dry season), the tree height of 100g·plant-1 and 200g-plant-1 super absorbent polymer application increased 13.61%-14.98% and 14.33%-16.95% by CK. The crown width of 100g·plant-1 and 200g·plant-1 super absorbent polymer application increased respectively 22.61% and 37.22% by CK in May 2009, and the same year branch extraction length increased 18.39% and 19.80%. The photosynthesis measure results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of 100g·plant-1 and 200g·plant-1 super absorbent polymer application were more than 10μmolCO2·m-2·s-1, but the difference of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration between CK and each super absorbent polymer application were not significant. Therefore,100g·plant-1 and 200g·plant-1 super absorbent polymer application in dry season could promote the growth of J. Curcas, but the accelerating effect in rainy season were not obvious. Because the promotion effect of 100g·plant-1 and 200g·plant-1 were equivalent, when it was applied, 100g·plant-1 super absorbent polymer application was the best choice from the cost effective and efficient afforestation angle. (3) Applying 1kg·plant-1 and 2 kg·plant-1 waste fertilizer, compound fertilizer, chicken manure and 2 kg·plant-1 tung oil cake fertilizer could promote the growth of J. Curcas young trees. From December 2008 to September 2009, the ground diameter of 1kg·plant-1 and 2kg·plant-1 waste fertilizer application were higher than CK, and the crown width were respectively 10.68 (April 2008),1.26 (July 2009) and 26.45 (April 2009),1.45(July 2009) times than CK. From April to September in 2009, the tree height and same year branch extraction length of 2 kg·plant-1 waste fertilizer application increased significantly compared with CK. The ground diameter of 2 kg·plant-1 tung oil cake fertilizer application increased 14.59%(May 2009) and 13.58%(July 2009) by CK, the crown width increased 91.54%(April 2009) and 55.36%(September 2009), and the branch number also increased obviously. The ground diameter of 2 kg·plant-1 compound fertilizer application increased 14.92%(April 2009) and 20.27%(September 2009) by CK, the tree height increased 18.54%(April 2009) and 19.73%(July 2009), and the same year branch extraction length also increased significantly. At the same time, the branch number of 1kg·plant-1 and 2kg·plant-1 compound fertilizer application increased 60.75%,86.40% and 63.28%, 91.79% by CK, and the crown width significantly higher than CK. 1kg·plant-1 and 2kg·plant-1 chicken manure application could remarkably improve the ground diameter, tree height, crown width, same year branch extraction length and branch number.The net photosynthetic rate of 1kg·plant-1 and 2 kg·plant-1 waste fertilizer application increased 36.44% and 43.77% by CK, and 2 kg·plant-1 tung oil cake fertilizer application increased 47.14% by CK. The net photosynthetic rate of each compound fertilizer applica-tion rate were between 11.7 and 12.3μmol CO2·m-2·s-1 and significantly were higher than CK. The net photosynthetic rate of each chicken manure application rate were also higher than CK, and The net photosynthetic rate of 2 kg·plant-1 chicken manure application increased 37.80% by CK. (4) The promotion effective of chicken manure and tung oil cake fertilizer on crown width and basal diameter of J. Curcas young trees were higher than waste fertilizer and compound fertilizer. The photosynthetic rate of waste fertilizer and tung oil cake fertilizer were all between 10.33 and 10.47μmol CO2·m-2·s-1, while that of chicken manure and compound fertilizer were higher than 11.00μmol CO2·m-2·s-1.Therefore, in actul cultivation process of J. Curcas young plantation in Panzhihua dry-hot valley, applying compound fertilizer or chicken manure as base fertilizer was the best choice, and the best application amount was 1kg per plant. |
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