The Study On Water Effects Of Sunflower In West Semiarid Region Of Heilongjiang Province

Heilongjiang Province is an important grain production base which the west semiarid region had the enormous production potential and important position in Heilongjiang. But lack of water resources are the primary factor. Sunflower was one of the major oil in our country which was one of the major economic crops and largely planted in west semiarid region of Heilongjiang Province. So researching the water requirement regulation and water production function of sunflower in this region had important significance for the stable and high field of sunflower.According to the experiment made in Qiqihaer City Gan Nan County Dong Xing Village of Heilongjiang Province in 2008 which was the 863 experimental base, the author researched the yield and the water consumption of sunflower in northeast semiarid climate condition. The examination adopted water quantity control to devise the abundant disposal,the suitable disposal,the deficient disposal in single stage,two continuous growth stages and three continuous growth stages. Using the method of water quantity equation to calculate the water requirement in the different growth stages under the sufficient irrigation and the deficit irrigation, the author calculated the reference crop water requirement. Utilized Penman-Monteith to calculate the reference crop evapotranspiration, calculated the crop coefficient of sunflower in semiarid region, predicted water requirement of sunflower by the fuzzy regression model and the conventional regression model. According to consumed water quantity and the yield of the different irrigation, used Jensen model, Minhas model, Blank model, Singh model, Stewart model to calculate the sunflower-water production function in the semiarid area, tested and analyzed the results, finally the suitable water production function of sunflower in semiarid region of western Heilongjiang Province can be made. The author analyzed the influences of different soil moisture to the biological characters (plant height, leaf area index, hundred kernel weight, husks rate, flower disc diameter) of sunflower.Analyzed the field and water use efficiency of sunflower in the different irrigation, the relationship between the agronomic traits and the yield of sunflower can be analyzed by the gray correlation projection model, then the optimization can be made from the disposals under the deficit irrigation by the gray correlation projection model.The analysis indicated these following contents: water requirement increased with the increase of soil moisture in a certain range; the water requirement regulation in sufficient irrigation of sunflower: early growth stage was little, middle growth stage was more, later growth stage was little; By calculating the soil water sensitive index of every growth stage, Jensen model was more suitable for sunflower in semiarid region of western Heilongjiang Province; the inflorescence stage and the flowering stage were critical periods of sunflower and that was accordance with practical experience; the biological characters of the high water disposal were better than that of the low water disposal; the water use efficiency and the economic benefits of the slight deficient water disposal exceeded the feasible disposal in the seedling stage of sunflower. The gray correlation analysis on biological characters and yield of sunflower showed: the correlation degree from high to low between the biological characters and yield of sunflower was: plant height >seed setting rate> flower disc diameter>stem dry weight>hundred kernel weight; the most optimal design of deficit irrigation by the gray correlation projection model was accordance with practical results; this method was feasible to the deficit irrigation design.Under the condition of the lacked water resource, the restricted agricultural irrigation and the increased foodstuff requirement, researching the relation between the crop water requirement regulation and the yield, accomplishing more economic benefits by limited water, would provide powerful guarantee for the stable and high yield in the agricultural production.