| 1.IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women in the world, which endangers the health of women badly. Surgical treatment is the primary method for breast cancer, and now surgery can be an excision of the tumor with surrounding normal breast tissue (breast conservation surgery) or a mastectomy and dissection of axillary nodes. But the dissection of axillary nodes for those who have no axillary nodes metastases is useless, and it will bring some complication such as symptomatic lymphoedema, damageing to nerves, reduced range of movement and infection, et al, which will reduce the life quality of patients severely. It's important to select an effective method to evaluate whether the patient has axillary nodes metastase or not, which avoids unnecessary dissection of axillary nodes in most patients with breast cancer.Sentinel lymph node (SLN) is the first node(s) receiving the lymphatic flow from primary tumor and most likely to have metastasis first. The concept was introduced by Canabas in 1977, but was developed by Morton7and applied in patients with melanoma in 1992, and now is used in breast cancer. Colloid was injected into mammary tissue around the tumor or biopsy site, then detected and labeled blue-stained sentinel node, followed by standard regional lymph node dissection. The common colloid was Patent blue V or 99m-Technetium labeled sulfur colloid.Patent blue V and 99m-Technetium labeled sulfur colloid both are expensive and inconvenient, and the latter needs special equipment. So, it's difficult for most hospitals in our country to popularize. Now, The role of methylenc blue staining in lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy is disputed. One point of view was that it's not good for methylenc blue staining to remain at lymph node, and the effect of methylenc blue staining in lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy was not fine. Another view was that it's no difference between methylenc blue staining and patent blue V hi lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy. But methylenc blue staining is cheap and convenient, and can be easily got in hospitals of our country. So it's easier for methylenc blue staining to be popularized in hospital than the other two colloids.Our task was to inject methylenc blue staining into mammary tissue around the tumor of breast patient, lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy were done. Its reliability and clinical value were observed.The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a 36-kDa acidic nuclear polypeptide involved in nucleic acid metabolism as a component of the replication and repair mechanism. Its expression increases through the Gl phase, shows a maximum at the early S phase, declines through the G2 phase and reaches low levels hi the M phase and interphase. There is risingsevidence for the reliability of PCNA in the assessment of growth fractions in breast cancer. However, the validation of PCNA as a reliable prognostic factor in breast cancer is not yet certain and the results reported are still contradictory.The C-erbB-2 proto-oncogene (also known as HER-2) lies in the chromosome 17q21, and is concerned with normal organic growth, differentiation and division. When it's affected by some certain factors inside or outside body, it will be activation. Its main manner of activation in human breast cancer is gene amplification, and often results in the overexpression of protein production pi 85. Different studies have shown that amplification or overexpression of C-erbB-2 is associated with decreased survival in breast cancer patients.Expression levels of PCNA and C-erbB-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry in those patients with breast cancer Then the relation between axillary nodes or sentinel lymph node metastases and expression levels of PCNA and C-erbB-2 was discussed.2-Methods1) Patients:There were 45 patients in the department of surgical oncology of the affiliated second hospital of the School of Medicine, Zhejiang University entering into thi...
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