| The main symptom of hypophrenia and mental retardation consisting in every age phase and many diseases is attenuation of learning and memory function . With the serious social problems and economic burden they caused, the prevention and cure to hypophrenia and mental retardation are extensively and highly regarded. Research work on medicament to prevent and cure Alzheimer's disease and ameliorate cognitive function has been placed in outstanding position in our country's "Ten-Five" plan of tackling key problems in science and technology. It is thus evident that research concerning this aspect has very important meaning. Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), with rich theory and practical experience,has remarkable advantages and wide research and development prospects in prevention and cure to.hypophrenia related diseases. Strengthening the research work on cognitive enhacing effect of TCM may give prominence to the role of TCM in preventing and curing refractory diseases and promote the academic development of TCM. It has important academic value and clinical significance.As a sort of Chinese herb with cognitive enhacing effect, Acorus tatarinowii Schott is widely used in curing amentia and other hypophrenia or mental retardation related diseases. At present, experimental studies on active fractions extracted from Acorus tatarinowii Schott with cognitive enhacing effect and its-action mechanisms are very lacking. So in order to settle foundation for its further exploitation and application, it is necessary to carry out some systemic research.Basing on former studies, six fractions including volatile oil(fraction A), 3 -asarone(fraction B), aether layer(fraction C), acetic ether layer(fraction D), n-butanol layer(fraction E), water layer(fraction F) were extracted from Acorus tatarinowii Schott by systemic solvent extraction in this topic. Then filtrate active fractions extracted from Acorus tatarinowii Schott with cognitive enhacing effect through ethological test of learning and memory, probe into its mechanisms of action from alteration of Acetylcholinesterase(AchE) activity and expression of learning and memory related gene c-jun. .1. Ethological test of Acorus tatarinowii Schott's improving learning and memory :Mices were divided into six drug groups(fraction extracted from Acorus tatarinowii Schott A, B, C, D, E, F), positive drug control group(piracetam group), model group, intact control group(saline group).After 10 days' administration, the effects of every fraction on learning and memory function in aging mice(water maze test), damage of acquisition of memory induced by scopolamine(step-down test), disturbance of consolidation of memory induced by sodium nitrite(step-down test), damage of reproduction of memory induced by ethyl alcohol in mice(step-through test) were observed. The results showed that fraction A and C could effectively improve learning and memory function in aging mice, fraction A, B, F could effectively ameliorate damage of acquisition of memory induced by scopolamine, fraction B, C, E, F could effectively ameliorate disturbance of consolidation of memory induced by sodium nitrite, fraction A, B, D, F could effectively ameliorate damage of reproduction of memory induced by ethyl alcohol in mice. It was proved that multi-fractions with cognitive enhacing effect might exist in Acorus tatarinowii Schott. Fraction A, B, C, F might be the main active parts.2.Effect of Acorus tatarinowii Schott on the brain AchE activity in mice: After the ethological test, AchE activity of pallium and hippocampus were determined by chromatometry. The results showed that AchE activity of pallium and, or hippocampus in aging mice, scopolamine model and ethyl alcohol model mice was decreased by every fraction extrated from Acorus tatarinowii Schott in different extent. Especially fraction A and B had fairly strong inhibition to AchE activity of pallium and hippocampus. It indicated that inhibiting the brain AchE activity, then enhancing the concentration of acetylchoiine(ACh) is one of the most impo...
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