| ShengQiTang (SQT) contains Panax ginseng C.A.Mey, Panax notoginseng(Burk) F.H.Chen, Polygala tenuifolia,Rheum palmatum,Acorus gramineusSoland.This perparation in traquilizing the mind and improving intelligence,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, resuscitating andrestoring consciousness.Objective: To explore the effect of ShengQiTang on the ultrastructural changes of hippocampal CA, area in aged (15-month) mice. Methods: The following structural changes of Gray I synaptic interface in the hippocampal CA, area were used to quantify the following parameters by means of transmission electron microscopy,combined with image pattern analysis nucrospectrophotometer. (1) the width of synaptic cleft: (2) the thickness of the postsynaptic density (PSD) : (3) the length of the active zones, and (4) the curvature of the synaptic interface.The main results are as follows. In comparison with the aged control groups, the SQT treated group find the thickness of PSD, the active zones, the curvature of the synaptic interface, were all increased significantly ( P<0.05) and the synaptic cleft width was decreased significantly (P<0.05) .These data suggest that the increase of the PSD and the curvature of synaptic interface may be the morphological feature characterizing the plasticity of neurons in hippocampal CAj area. The contents of lipofuscin in the neurons of CA, region of the experimental group was reduced as compared with that of the aged group. The SQT treatment group, the normal membrane and the structure of themitochondrion was clearly seen in the the mice hippocampus neuron:the ridges of the mitochondrion could clearly be seen, the rich rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes, and large amount of clear synaptic visicles could be seen either. The aged control showed depolymentation of ribosome, accumulation of lipid droplet and lipofuscin in cytoplasm, and condensation of chromatin. In the meantime, the average density of neurons in the CA, hippocampal area became shrinkage with the aging under the electron microscopy, the decrease in the number of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum was in the same condition as well. There were obviously of increased swelling mitochondrion with vacuolation,and increased electron density. But the mitochondrion average volume increased apparently swelling with aging, may be the compensation mechanism play the most part in the mitochondrion degeneration.Conclusion: Our results suggest that (1) there is a close correlation between synaptic interface parameters and the aging process. (2) The alteration of the brian with increasing age may be based on the changes of synaptic interface parameters in the hippocampal neurons of mice. (3) The salient changes of neurons and mitochondrial of hippocampus during aging may be the indication of aging of hippocampus in mice. This study proved that increasing lipofuscin and degeneration of mitochondrial and other organelle in the neurons was one of the changes hi aging organism. It also proved that SQT could postpone aging of neuron and improve the symptom of learning impairment that occur with old aging.(4)Aging can cause microstructure abnormalities in the mice hippocampus and SQT prevent this abnormal structure formation.
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